268 Cc. M. JACKSON 
result of various toxic conditions has been noted by various in- 
vestigators in man and lower animals. The apparently contra- 
dictory results of different observers as to the effect of inanition 
upon the suprarenal fat (lipoids) is doubtless due to variations in. 
the age, species, and individual animals, as well as to variations 
in the extent and character of the inanition. 
In hibernating gophers, Mann (716) found no change in the 
lipoid content of the suprarenal. Frederici (’03) found no de- 
crease in hibernating bats, but a progressive decrease is noted by 
Baroncini and Beretta (’01) and Ciaccio (10). Bonnamour 
(05 b) and Ciaccio (710) found a decrease in hibernating hedge- 
hogs. 
As to the effect of inanition upon the chromaffin reaction of 
the suprarenal medulla, my results for the rat are more uniform. 
They indicate that (with rare exceptions in extreme cases, espe- 
cially in the younger stunted rats) there is no appreciable decrease 
in the reaction, except as a result of postmortem changes. This 
is in agreement with the results of Luksch (’05, ’11) and Kuri- 
yama (718), who found no decrease in the epinephrin content of 
starved rabbits, but contrary to Venulet and Dmitrowsky (710) 
in the rabbit, Borberg (’12) in the cat and guinea-pig, Rondoni 
and Montagnani (’15) in the guinea-pig, and Pellegrini (716) in 
the later stages of fasting. In most cases, these positive results 
were obtained on animals starved to death, and are therefore 
probably explainable as due to postmortem changes. Effect of 
anesthetics and acid in the fixative (for example, in the formalin 
used for Wiesel’s mixture) are also possible sources of error, as I 
have learned by experience. 
MORPHOGENESIS OF THE SUPRARENAL GLAND 
Some general features in the process of morphogenesis of the 
suprarenal gland may now be discussed. As is well known (for 
details in various species compare Poll, (’05), the medulla arises 
in the embryo in connection with the sympathetic system, and 
later migrates, usually in the form of multiple, small sympatho- 
chromaffin cords or masses, which (in mammals) pass through 
