316 CHIKANOSUKE OGAWA 
4. Reconstruction (wax-plate modeling). 
To my knowledge, only Miller, Laguesse, and Keil have studied. 
the lung by this method. Justesen shows this method to be 
based on four manipulations and he believes that during the 
excision and fastening of the wax plates serious mistakes are 
necessarily made in the reconstruction of alveolar ducts; but 
I am of the opposite opinion. 
In the reconstruction of wax models it is most important to 
decide whether the models will be made in positive or negative 
cast. (I mean by the word ‘positive’ a cast which presents the 
lumina of the alveolar ducts hollow, such as one finds them in 
the actual shape of the structure.) After careful consideration, 
I endeavored to construct both positive and negative models. 
I will give a brief description of these. My materials consisted 
of two different lungs: one (cadaver no. 1399) was taken from a 
thirty-one-year-old executed man and was fixed by formol-alcohol; 
this was injected into the trachea; the other (cadaver no. 2854) 
was taken from a fifty-five-year-old man whose whole body was 
fixed by formol-aleohol injected into the femoral artery. In 
this case the lung was fixed in normal position within the thorax. 
I stained the tissue in toto by Weigert’s iron-haematoxylin and 
embedded it in paraffin. I used material no. 1399 for the positive 
model and cut it perpendicular to the lung surface 20 » thick. 
For the negative model no. 2854 was used and cut 15 uw thick, 
parallel to the lung surface. For the positive model I made 
plates from refined beeswax in which the paraffin was mixed one 
part to four of wax. Turpentine oil was also added in small 
quantity. Such plates are solid, not brittle and not crumbly. 
Orientation plane was not used for the model. Thus I got a 
model magnified 80 times and measuring 11.8 cm. in height, 
24 em. in length, and 20 cm. in breadth. I cut the model in 
four pieces parallel to the lung surface by means of a wire saw. 
I made use of unrefined beeswax in the construction of the 
negative model, magnifying it a hundred times so that it measured 
8 em. in height, 12 em. in length, and 8 em. in breadth and it 
contained two air-sacs (figs. 1, 2, and 3). 
