ABSENCE OF THE VENA CAVA INFERIOR 401 
tions found in the pig embryo, that the vena cava inferior was 
said to be absent in both Abernathy’s and Hyrtl’s cases. AI- 
though Abernathy’s case was described many years ago his care- 
ful account of it is illustrated satisfactorily and his specimen has 
long been preserved in the museum of St. Bartholomew’s Hos- 
pital, London. It has more recently been seen and described by 
McWhinnie (’40). Although Hyrtl’s cases represent a slighter 
departure from the conditions found in the pig embryo, inasmuch 
as both cardinals persisted, it is quite possible that one of them 
should disappear in later development and the conditions found 
by Abernathy would then be realized. Morphologically, there- 
fore, this embryo helps to explain two important types of venous 
anomaly which have not previously been seen in actual process 
of development. 
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