148 JOHN SUNDWALL 



VI. Mitochondria 202 



Tubules 202 



Intercalary duct 205 



Larger ducts 205 



VII. Basal striations 209 



VIII. Fat 211 



IX. Secretion capillaries and cement substance 213 



X. Canalicular apparatus 219 



XI. Technique 221 



XII. Miscellaneous — Other fixations and stains 224 



XIII. Summary 226 



XIV. Bibliography 230 



I. INTRODUCTION 



The investigations on which this paper is based began several 

 years ago ('05) when it was first learned that lachrymal glands 

 as well as those of the nictitating membrane, plica semilunaris, of 

 many animals stain wdth certain dyes which are generally re- 

 garded as specific to mucous secreting cells. It was found that 

 these glands of the ox, pig, sheep, goat, and horse stained readily 

 with either mucicarmin or muchaematein, while those of the cat, 

 dog, rabbit, and guinea pig did not. Preparations of the lachry- 

 mal glands of these animals were shown 'at the twenty-second 

 session of the Association of American Anatomists held at the 

 University of Wisconsin, and a preliminary report on the stain- 

 ing reactions of the lachrymal gland tissue found in the nictit- 

 ating membrane of the ox was published in 1906. 



It was the intention at that time to publish in detail the results 

 of the investigations on the staining characteristics of these 

 glands. There was a delay, however, and in the meantime a 

 paper by Hornickel ('06) on this particular subject appeared. 

 In this he claimed that by the use of mucicarmin a positive 

 stain was obtained on the lachrymal glands of the pig, sheep, 

 goat, and dog, while similar glands of the horse, ox, ass, and cat 

 were negative. His results in some instances were opposite 

 to mine; namely, I obtained a positive stain in these glands of 

 the ox and horse while the glands of the dog were negative. The 

 difference in the results obtained in the two laboratories is inter- 

 esting. Hornickel's paper served as added impetus to further 



