THE LACHRYMAL GLAND 195 



after stimulation with pilocarpin. In my opinion these glands 

 represent a condition of intense secretion before the animals 

 were killed. Many factors could be responsible for this exces- 

 sive activity. 



The results of my study of the various phases of secretion 

 agree in a general way with those of other observers. Detailed 

 study of the cellular changes during secretory activity, must be, 

 as stated, on the laboratory animals. Preliminary work on cer- 

 tain species of Anura and Urodela gives much promise, and I 

 trust that a paper \\dll soon appear on this subject. In the lachry- 

 mal glands of the ox I have failed to observe the secretory ele- 

 ments of the cell divided into two zones by a strand of reticular 

 protoplasm stretching across the cells as noted by Bensley ('02) 

 in the cardiac glands of mammals and in the glands of Brunner 

 (Bensley '03). Nor was an intermediate stage present as is 

 seep in the Pancreas (Bensley, (11) which contained small gran- 

 ules (prozymogen granules) that stain with neutral red, intra 

 vitam. 



I have failed to observe the paranucleus described for secreting 

 cells, including the lachrymal gland, by Gaule, Ogata, Nuss- 

 baum, Garnier, and others. As stated elsewhere, the three 

 zones described by Zimmermann were not observed. No 

 definite light has been thrown as a consequence of this study 

 upon the origin of these granules. They seem to make their 

 appearance anywhere within the cytoplasm, independent of 

 position or of any marked demonstrable antecedents such as a 

 basophil substance (toludin blue), iron possessing substance 

 (Macallum reaction), or prozymogen (Bensley 's vital neutral 

 red). Exception to this statement should be made if we are to 

 consider mitochondria as an intermediate substance. This 

 will be discussed under mitochondria. Perhaps the presence of 

 such antecedents should not be anticipated, as the lachrymal 

 gland possesses so far as I know no demonstrable specific enzyme. 

 Whether the nucleus plays any part in the formation of granules, 

 I am unable to say. It is true that in the tubules when in a 

 stage of maximum granule formation (cell type 1), the nucleus 

 is more or less flattened and compressed against the base while 



