THE LACHRYMAL (iLAND 211 



are present in these cells. In most fixations the basal half of 

 the cell appears in no wise different from the proximal half. 

 I could not account then for the claims of Fleischer who states 

 that he saw 'pinselartige Aufaserung' in the cells of these ducts, 

 ox — 5 per cent ammonium chromate solution; Hornickel, beim 

 Esel, and others. There is no doubt in my mind now but that 

 the structures seen by these observers were imperfectly fixed 

 mitochondria, which are readily seen in the acetic osmic bichro- 

 mate-anilin fuchsin methyl green, and alcohol sublimate chro- 

 mate-copper chrome haematoxylin preparations. 



\in. FAT 



Axenfeld states that the presence of fat in the secreting ele- 

 ments of the human lachrymal gland is a normal condition and 

 that apparently it is related to the secretory processes. Many 

 globules of fat are found in the small dark cells. Kirschstein 

 speaks of the large amount of fat in the interstitial connective 

 tissue of the human lachrymal gland of old people. EUenberger 

 states that globules of fat are normal constituents of the lachrymal 

 glands of all domestic animals except the pig, as does Lutz 

 ('99). Stanculeanu and Theorhari describe much fat in the 

 human lachrymal gland after epiphora. This condition prob- 

 ably was one of fattj^ degeneration. Schirmer — "Jedenfalls 

 ist es von Wichtigkeit zu betonnen, dass in ganz normalen Drlisen 

 grossere mengen Fett sich finden konnen." Hornickel — "Das 

 Fett tritt als konstanter Zelleinschluss bei alien Tieren auf." 

 According to him, in the horse and pig, the droplets of fat are 

 small and in the periphery of the cell. In ruminants the dis- 

 tribution is regular, in the dog there is much variation, and in the 

 cat the least amount. 



More recent studies regarding the distribution of fat and lipoid 

 substances in other tissues have been made by Bell ('10) and 

 Kingsbury ('11 j. The former shows that in fresh tissues Herx- 

 heimer's stain affects all fat globules as well as the liposomes. 

 According to him tissues fixed in formalin have a tendency to 

 lose the liposomes while the neutral fat globules are unaffected. 

 He shows that the granules obtained by Albrecht ('02) in the 



