674 DR. "W. B. CAEPEXTER OX THE STRUCTURE, PHYiSlOLOGY, AND 



siderare ncqum; ipsum vero et facillime disjungitur a stclla." Its colour he originally 

 speaks of as subruhens; but in a later treatise' (Observationes, Cap. iii. p. 5) he desciibes 

 it as croceum; and ho further remarks, — "reperiuutur frequenter Aario colore distinctaj 

 veluti maculosse ; partes quidcm cirrorum lutesccntes, alipc albicantes, alise rubentes, alifc 

 puUo colore," — a variety wliich has continually fallen under my own observation. And 

 he further notes the remarkable fact that if these animals are placed whilst yet alive in 

 fresh water, they impart their colour to it in a very short time. 



The figure and description of Fabius Colujina were adopted, without the addition of 

 any further particulars, by Aldrovastdus in his great work ' De Animalibus Insectis' 

 (JBononue, 1602) ; and from this it seems to have passed into other systematic treatises 

 of the 17th Century. 



At the end of that century, however, there occurs a very remarkable notice of this 

 type, on the part of a naturalist who deserves more honour than he has gained ; namely 

 Edward Llhutd^ who succeeded Dr. Plot as Head Keeper of the Ashmolean 

 Museum. 



In order rightly to appreciate its value, we must look back to the history of the ideas 

 which had prevailed up to that time in regard to the fossil Crixoidea. 



The earliest author who systematically treated of Crinoidal remains was the celebrated 

 Agricola^; although from the manner in which he speaks of them it is evident that 

 they had long attracted the attention of Naturalists, and that the names Trochifes, Entro- 

 clnts, and Encrinus had found their way into general use, — the first being applied to the 

 separated joints of cylindrical stems, the second to fragments of similar stems composed 

 of several joints, and the third to the summits, especially to that of Enerinus liliifonnis, 

 the species most commonly known. Of the real relationship of the three kinds of bodies 

 thus distinguished, he does not seem to have had any idea. Agricola further gave the 

 distinctive designation Pentacrinus to crinoidal summits which had lost their digitations, 

 and which showed five principal radiations ; whilst he conferred that of Astrdites or Asteria 

 upon fragments of pentagonal stems, of which each separate joint presents some resem- 



' Minus cognitarura rariorumquc nostro coelo orientium stirpium tKfpairis, . . . item dc Aquatilibus aliisque 

 nonmillis Animalibus libellus. Borneo, 1616. 



" LLnrvD -was boni in Carmarthenshire in the year 1670 ; was a student of Jcsns College, Oxford ; travelled 

 for scientific purposes throughout England, Scotland, Ireland, and Brittany ; iind died at the early age of thii'ty- 

 nine. His merits were thoroughly appreciated by the late Professor E. Fobbes, who, in dedicating to him the 

 genus Luklia, thus eulogizes him : — '• He was a man of great knowledge and great talent. His studies were 

 extended over large tracts of science and literature, and he enlightened both with his researches and his writings. 

 He united a comprehensive and philosophicid mind with an observing eye, and the energy to esecTite. Amid 

 the multiplicity of his studies there was no confusion. He wrote on insects, plants, fossils, antiquities, and 

 languages ; on all much and wcU. His principal works were ' Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia,' and 

 ' Archoeologia Britannica.' Ray praised him. Strange to say, his name is omitted in many of our cyclopaedias, 

 which devote whole pages to men of less repute." (British Starfishes, p. 136.) 



' See especially Book T. of the Supplement " Dc Kitm-a Fossilium " to his great work ' Dc Ee lletallica/ 

 first pubhshed about 1530, and many times subsequently reprLuted. 



