ORDER ACTINOIDEA. 39 
The developement of young from the ovules before their ejection, 
has been for a long time asserted, and Dalyell and others have shown 
that it is of common occurrence. ‘The ovules being bathed by the 
sea-water, which gains access to the visceral cavity, there is little 
occasion for the doubt with which the statement has been by many 
received. ‘The ovules have a white milky appearance, and are of 
various sizes in the same cluster. ‘They have usually a globular 
form, but are often a little oblong or of irregular shapes. Wagner 
has shown that they have the characters of true eggs. On leaving 
the parent, they are said to move about by means of the vibratile cilia 
with which they are provided. After a short time the young Actinia 
appears, and generally fixes itself shortly after to some object at hand. 
When first produced, the tentacles are scarcely apparent; a single 
series gradually developes, and afterwards they go on increasing as 
the animal grows, and do not attain their full number until it is a 
perfect adult. 
29. The Actinie have the same power of reproduction from arti- 
ficial sections as the Hydra. Portions cut or torn off are soon resup- 
plied, and the parts separated develope what is needed to become 
perfect animals. ‘The process of budding has been observed only in 
the coral-making species. 
The Zoanthide. 
30. The dissections, by which this division of the Actinoidea is 
here illustrated, were made on a living specimen of the Palythoa cesia, 
at the Feejee Islands, representations of which are given on plate 30. 
This species grows in rounded attached masses, of the size of the fist, 
which consist of a large number of united polyps. When unexpanded, 
the mass has externally a grayish leathery appearance, with small 
nineteen days eight or nine could be enumerated in another, which now “ affixed itself as 
a young Actinia by the base.” (Jameson’s Journal, xxi., 1886, p. 89.) ‘‘In the course 
of six years, a specimen preserved by the author produced above two hundred and seventy- 
six young, some pale, like mere specks, with only eight tentacula, others florid, and with 
twenty. They are frequently disgorged along with the half-digested food, thirty-eight 
appearing thus at a single litter. An embryo extracted artificially from the amputated 
tip of a tentaculum, began to breed in fourteen months, and survived nearly five years. 
Monstrosities by excess are not uncommon among the young: one produced naturally 
consisted of two perfect bodies and their parts, sustained by a single base, exhibited em- 
bryos in the tentacula at ten months, bred in twelve, and lived above five years. While 
one body was gorged with food, the other remained ravenous.” (Dalyell, in 4th Rep. 
Brit. Assoc., 1834, p, 599.) 
