ORDER ACTINOIDEA. 61 
6. Rude hillocks, gibbous or nodular masses : many Porites, Alveo- 
pore, and some Astree, Meandrine, Gemmipore, and Manopore. 
7. Plates incrusting dead corals, in some species, sending up rude 
branchings: many Manopore, Millepore, Agaricie. 
8. Simple and branched columns and club-shaped masses: many 
Porites, Goniopore. 
9. Clustered leaves or folia, which may be erect, as in some Mille- 
pore, Pavonie, and Kchinopore; or, spreading from a base, and 
rolled round one another, as in certain Gemmipore, Manopore, Echi- 
nopore ; or, clustered into convex or hemispherical clumps by up- 
ward and horizontal growth from a centre, as in many Meruline, 
Pavonie, Tridacophyllie. 
10. Clumps of clustered branches from a common base; a mode of 
growth described as cespitose, and often producing very regular hemi- 
spherical zoophytes, as in many Muss, Euphyllie, Caulastree, Caryo- 
phyllie, Porites, and Madrepore. In many species of the last two 
genera, the branches often grow together by coalescence. 
11. A horizontal network of branches spreading outward and bear- 
ing erect branchlets: many Madrepores. 
12. A horizontal plate produced by a complete coalescence of hori- 
zontal branches, and bearing above short finger-like branchlets: many 
Madrepores. 
13. The spreading tree, a mode of growth styled arborescent: 
many Madrepore, Dendrophyllix, Gorgonide, and Antipathes. 
14. The slender twig, either clustered or simple, straight or twisted : 
many Gorgonide and Antipathes. 
15. Fan-shape, or with the branches spreading in a single plane, a 
form styled flabellate : many Gorgonie. 
16. Reticulate; produced by a coalescence of branches and branch- 
lets into a kind of network: some fan-shaped Gorgonie and the Aulo- 
pore ; also, less perfectly in some horizontally-growing Madrepore. 
17. Pinnate, where the branchlets proceed regularly from opposite 
sides of the branches: some Gorgonide and Antipathes. 
18. Clumps of clustered parallel tubes, united or not at intervals 
by transverse plates or processes: Tubipore, Cornularie, Syringo- 
pore. 
19. Similar to the last, but the tubes embedded below in a loose 
calcareous mass: Anthophylla. 
These varieties of form are illustrated in the accompanying Atlas. 
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