CAE EAR V1. 
CLASSIFICATION OF ZOOPHYTES. 
105. Zoopuytes constitute an order of the group or sub-kingdom 
Rapiata. The limits of this sub-kingdom have of late been the 
occasion of much discussion. In order to explain their relations to 
other animals, a few remarks upon the general system of arrange- 
ment in the animal kingdom are here offered. 
In Cuvier’s Classification of Animals, the division Radiata includes 
all invertebrate animals not comprised in either of the other sub-king- 
doms, Articulataand Mollusca. Consisting thus only of refuse species, 
and not limited by positive characters, as Owen states, we should 
not expect that the group could be a natural assemblage. No line of 
subdivision, however, has yet been made out, which has met with 
general favour; yet greater precision has been given to our views of 
the affinities that run through the animal kingdom, by appealing to 
the nerves, the seat of sensibility and sentiment, as a basis in classi- 
fication ; and, in this manner, the subdivisions have been charac- 
terized as follows by Dr. Grant. 
I. The Vertebrata, having a brain and a spinal cord, constitute the 
Sprnt-cereBRATA;—II. The Mollusca, having the nerves forming 
generally a transverse series of ganglia disposed around the eso- 
phagus, the Cycto-canetiata ;—III. The <Articulata, having no 
proper brain, and the main cords, which run the length of the body, 
double, the DreLo-NEuRA ;—IV. The Radiata, having a radiate struc- 
ture in the body, and the nervous ganglia arranged in a circle, 
the CycLo-neurA. ‘The orders of these sub-kingdoms are given as 
follows : 
I. Sprni-cEREBRATA or VERTEBRATA. Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, 
Amphibia, Pisces. 
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