2 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
the North Atlantic. Heller! has described several new Plumularide from the Adriatic. 
To Professor Millen Coughtrey,’ of Otago, we owe descriptions of New Zealand species, 
and to Surgeon James Armstrong,® of the Indian Medical Department, descriptions of 
species collected by him on the eastern shores of India. 
Besides the expedition of the Challenger, other recent exploratory expeditions have 
largely added to our knowledge of this group. The exploration of the Gulf Stream, by 
the United States Coast Survey,* has brought to light many new and beautiful forms, 
the voyages of the ‘“ Porcupine”’ have made us acquainted with new species from 
the North Atlantic, and the explorations by the United States Coast Survey Steamer 
“Blake” in the Carribbean Sea and along the Atlantic Coast of the United States have 
brought to our knowledge the occurrence in those regions of a rich plumularian fauna, 
among which are several new and highly interesting forms.° 
To the number of species thus determined and described the collection of hydroids 
brought home by the Challenger makes a large and valuable addition. Of this collection 
the family of the Plumularide forms a considerable proportion. Among these, four 
species, namely, Acanthella effusa, Acanthocladium huxleyi, Aglaophenia macgillivray:, 
and Lytocarpus longicornis had been already described by Busk from the voyage of the 
“ Rattlesnake,” and one, namely, Lytocarpus secundus, by Kirchenpauer, from specimens 
brought home by Semper from the Pelew Islands. The Challenger also obtained from 
dredgings off Bermuda a species (Aglaophenia ramosa) already described in the Report 
on the Hydroida of the United States exploration of the Gulf Stream. 
The only form which can be identified with a species occurring in the European seas 
is Cladocarpus formosus. This species was dredged by the “ Porcupine” from the seas 
lying to the north of Scotland, and by the Challenger from the seas of Japan. The species 
is a well-marked one, and the great distance between the Atlantic and Pacific stations 
without any intermediate station having been discovered, is a remarkable and signifi- 
cant fact. 
But by far the greater part of the Plumularide brought home by the Challenger consists 
of species new to science, while among these a considerable number must be assigned to 
’ Prof. C. Heller, Die Zoophyten und Echinodermen des adriatischen Meeres, Wien, 1868. 
* Millen Coughtrey, Notes on the New Zealand Hyrdoida. Journal of the New Zealand Institute, vol. vii. 
1874. 
* Description of some new species of Hydroid Zoophytes from the Indian Coasts and Seas, by Surgeon James 
Armstrong, Marine Survey Department. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. xlviii., 1879. 
* Geo, J. Allman, Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream, by L. F. De 
Pourtalés, United States Coast Survey. Mem. of Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. v., No. 2, 1877. 
* Geo, J. Allman, Report on the Hydroida collected during the expeditions of H.MS. “ Porcupine.” Trans, Zool. 
Soc. Lond., 1873. 
® Reports on the results of dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz in the Caribbean Sea in 1878-79, 
and along the Atlantic Coast of the United States during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer 
“ Blake,” Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N.,. commanding. Report on the Acalephe by J. Walter Fewkes. Bull. Mus. 
Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. viii. p. 127. 
