﻿ZUOi'HYTARlA. V) 



I. Tentacles 8 (j'arely 6), pinnate, xvith tubercles on each side. 



Order I. ZOOPHYTARIA. 



Tentacles 8, regularly pinnate, on the edge, arising 

 from each of the eight nearly equal hollow elongate 

 cells or spheromeres (arranged on a vertical axis) of 

 which the cylindrical body of the polype is composed. 

 These spheromeres are, side by side, closely united to 

 each other, without the interposition of interambu- 

 lacral spaces. 



Zoophytaria, Blainv. Man. cVAct. p. 496 ; Gray, Si/n. B.M. 1840. 

 Alcyonaria, Dana, Zoophytes U. States Expecl. 1846, pp. 45, 117,586; 



rerrill,^ Proc. Essex Inst. 1865, p. 148. 

 Alcyonai'ia (Des AlcyoDaires), Milne- Edw. Sf Haime, Coral, i. p. 96. 

 Zoophytes with pinnate tentacles, Gray, Ann. 8f May. Nat. Hist. 1859, 



iv. p. 439. 



Synopsis of Suborders and Sections. 



Suborder I. Sabulicolse, Coral living with the stem sunk in the 

 sand or mud at the bottom of the ocean, of a definite form, 

 which when once attained remains unaltered. 



1. Penkatulakia. Coral pen-shaped or clavate. 



2. Umbellularia. Coral radiate, with a stem. 



Suborder II. Rupicolae. Coral tree-like or massive, living attached 

 by the expanded base to marine bodies, gradually growing and 

 increasing in size the whole term of its existence. 



I. Polypes social, growing closely side by side, forming a fleshy 



crust, the polypes being developed in the centre of the crust, or 

 at the ends of the branches. 



1. AxiFERA. The social polypes forming a more or less cylindri- 



cal or branched coral, supported by a calcareous horny or 

 corky axis, which is separated from the crust by the lower 

 part of the body of the polypes. 



2. Carnosa. The social polypes forming a crust, or spread out on 



marine bodies, and extended into rounded lobes, the inner 

 surface being tubular or cellular, without any hard axis. 



II. Polypes social, separate, groiving from creeping stolons at the 



root or the coral-plate. 



1. Sarmentosa. Skin of the polypes and stolons at the base 



developed into a cartilaginoiis horny or calcareous sheath 

 for the polypes. 



2. Placophora. Skin of the polypes gradually converted into 



hard celhdar calcareous tubes, Avhich are united by hori- 

 zontal lamime, on Avhieh the new polypes are developed. 



