H. 1840, p. 279. Asterias chinensis, Gray, Brit. Mus. 

 Asterias pcntagouula, Lumk. ii. 554. Gouiodiscus pciita- 

 goiiula, Mull. ^ Trosch. Ast. 57, t. 4. f. 2. (TOiiiaster arti- 

 culatus, Ayass. Mus. Paris ! Inhal). China, Japan, /. 

 Reeves, Es(/. 



See a. Seba, iii. t. 6. f. 5, 6 {Ast. tessellata, var. A, Lam.). 

 Similar, but the dorsal tubercles are larger and angular. 

 b. Gouiodiseus scaber, Mobius, Ahhandl. iv. 1860, t. 3. f. 3, 

 4, appears to be a nearly allied species. 



2. Anthenea tuberculosa (T. 4. f. 1). Back obscui'ely net- 

 ted, rather chafty, with scattered, long, flat-backed tuber- 

 cles. Marginal ossicula with some moderate granules, 

 the upper ossicula with one or more large fiat-topped tu- 

 bercles on their upper part. Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 77 ; 

 Ami. N. H. 1847, p. 198. Inhab. Port Essington. 



This species is very like Anthenea Chinensis, Gray [Aste- 

 rias pentagonula. Lam. ?), but differs from it in being more 

 convex and netted and more distinctly tubercular, and in 

 the upper marginal tesseriB being armed with tuljercles. 

 Like the Chinese species, all the ossicula, both marginal 

 and discal, of the oral surface, are ftiruishcd with large, 

 elongated, two-lipped pores. 



tt One or more small two-lipped j^ores on some of the 

 ossieula of the oral surface ; the back subtuberculur, 

 and the ossicula all covered with large roundish gra- 

 nules. 



3. Anthenea granulifera (T.5.f. 2). Both siu'faces covered 

 with small roundish granules, the back with rather convex 

 ossicula ; the arms as long as the diameter of the body ; 

 back with one or two scattered tubercles. 



Var. Back with a blunt tubercle on the centre of each 

 of the ossicula of the middle of the back. Gray, P. Z. S. 

 1847, p. 77; Ann. N. H. 1847, p. 198. Inhab. ? 



This species is easily known from the former by the 

 smaller granules on the surface, the length of the arms, 

 and the small size of the two-lipped pores ; those of the 

 dorsal surface are very minute. 



XII. HosEA. Body depressed, flat, 5-rayed, formed of 

 distinct, hexangular, nearly equ.al, slightly tubercular ossi- 

 cula; back with small and beneath with larger two-lipped 

 slits. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 278. 



1. Hosea flavescens. Arms two-thirds the length of the 

 width of the body. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 278. In- 

 hab. . Perhaps young. 



See a. Asterias graiudaris, Retz. in Miiller, Zool. Dan. 

 t. 92. f. 1, 4; from the North Sea. Gmclin referred 

 Linck, t. 13. f 22, t. 23. f. 37 ?, t. 24. f. 39, and t. 27. f. 45 

 (all Goniaster tessellatus) to this species, as he also has 

 done to Ast. equestris. 



2. Hosea spinulosa (T. 4. f. 2) . Body flat, pentagonal ; 

 sides concave ; arms not half the length of the diameter of 

 the body ; ossicula large, subequal, six-sided, very mi- 

 nutely granular. Marginal ossieulajj] on each side, convex, 

 deeply separated from each other, with a series of two or 

 tliree small, acute, spine-like tubercles in the centre of 

 each. The ossicula of the oral surface flat, minutely gra- 



nular, with small two-lipped pores. Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, 

 p. 78; Ann. N. H. 1847, p. 199. Inhab. Indian Ocean; 

 Plulippines. 



This species nearly resembles in shape Tosia austra- 

 lis, but is at once known from that species by the granular 

 ossicula, the spines on the margin, and the two-lipped 

 pores beneath ; it differs from Hosea flavescens in its being 

 five-sided instead of five-armed, and in having no spines on 

 the middle of the back. 



See a. Goniodiscus Seba, M«//.^- 7Vo«cA.^*^58; Astero- 

 ceras altera, Seba, iii. t. 6. f. 7, 8. b. Goniodiscus placenta. 

 Mail. ^- Trosch. Ast. 59. c. Goniodiscus regularis, Milll. 

 ^ Trosch. Ast. 59; Pentagonaster regularis, Linck, t. 13; 

 E. M. t. 96 ; Seba, iii. t. 8. f. 4. d. Asterias pleyadella, 

 Lamk. ii. 553; Seba, iii. t. 6. f. 5, 6. Goniodiscus pley- 

 adella. Mini. 8f Trosch. Ast. 54. e. Asterias cuspidatus, 

 Lamk. ii. 553. Goniodiscus cuspidatus, Miill. ^ Trosch. 

 Ast. 60. /. Goniodiscus mammiUatus, Milll. ^ Trosch. 

 Ast. Gl. g. Goniodiscus capella, Miill. if Trosch. Ast. 61. 



** The ossicula of the upper and lower surfaces and the 

 margin smooth, with a single continued series of uni- 

 form granules round each of their edges. Gray, Ann. 

 N. H. 1840, p. 278. Astrogonium, Miill. & Trosch. Ast. 

 52, 1842. 



XIII. HippASTERiA. Body four- or five-sided, formed of 

 roundish ossicula, with a large truncated central tubercle ; 

 upper and lower sm-face with two-lipped pores. Gray, 

 Syn. Brit. Mus. 1840; Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 279. 



1. Hippasteria Europcea. Kays 5, broad, nearly half as 

 long as the width of the body; marginal ossicula with 

 three blunt tubercles placed in a central cross series. 

 Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 279. Asterias equestris, Penn. 

 B. Z. iv. p. 130; Sow. Brit. Mis. f. 3. Asterias phry- 

 giana, Parelius, O. F. Miiller, Gnielin. Goniaster phiy- 

 gianus, Miill. ^ Trosch. Ast. 52. Inhab. European Ocean. 



2. Hipjmsteria Johnstoni. Rays 4, elongated, slightly 

 tapering; back spinulose, with short truncated spines; 

 margin with three or four series of elongated tapering 

 spines. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 279. Asterias John- 

 stoni, Gray, Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1830, vi. f. 21, not 

 Chiaje. Inhab. North of England. 



3. Hippasteria plana. Pentaceros planus, Z,?«f^, 21, 1. 12. 

 f. 21, cop. E. M. t. 101 (Ast. equestris, Gmelin i^ Lamk., 

 which chiefly differs in the arms appearing longer). 



4. Hippasteria cornuta. Pent, longiorum cornuum, Linck, 

 43, t. 33. f. 53 ; E. M. 1. 102: with the ai-ms still longer and 

 more slender at the end. 



All four are perhaps varieties of one. Gmelin refers to 

 this species Linck, t. 5. f. 13 (an Astropecten), t. 13. f. 22, 

 t. 23. f. 37, t. 24. f. 39, and t. 27. f. 45 (all Goniaster tessel- 

 latus) . 



XIV. Calliaster. Body 5-rayed, with flat immersed 

 ossicula armed with flat-based deciduous conical spines^ 

 and without any two-lipped slits on either surface. Gray, 

 Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 280. 



c 



