8 



point, about two-thirds the length of the diameter of the 

 disk. The dorsal ossieula six-sided, regular, flat-topped, 

 covered with minute nnindish granules ; the eentral gra- 

 nules of the Ci-ntral ossicnla and those down the centre of 

 the arms larger, globular, tuberelc-lilve. The margins 

 shar|)-edged, eoneave in the centre; the ossieula of the 

 upper and lower series alternating, minutely granular, v. ith 

 one or two larger subspinose granules on the middle of 

 the Tipper margin. ]\Iarginal ossieula about fifty on each 

 surface on each side, the lower series with scattered, acute, 

 compressed spines on their oral side. Tiie ossieula of the 

 oral side four- or six-sided, rather irregular, minutely gra- 

 nular, each armed with a eentral, compressed, acute, mobile 

 spine. Gmij. P. Z. S. 1817, p. 77; Ann. N. H. IH47, 



p. 198. Inhab. ? 



This species most nearly resembles a fossil found in the 

 chalk, which h.is liitlicrto been referred to the genus Tosia, 

 aiul figured in Mr. Dixon's work on the fossils of Worthing. 

 I have named this fine species in compliment to my 

 daughter ^Irs. J. P. (i. Smith, who before her marriage 

 commenced a series of plates to illustrate a monograph of 

 this genus. 



*** Body pentagonal, formed of variously shaped, rather 

 rough ossieula sunk info a naked skin, with a single 

 series of spine-bearing tubercles. Gray, 1- c. 1840. 

 Asteropsis, Mull. & Troseh. 62, 18J-2. 



VIII. Gy.mnasteria, Gray, Ann. N.H. 1840, p. 278. 



1 . Gymnastei'ia spinosa. Rays triangiilar, tapering, about 

 one quarter longer than the width of the body, with a 

 dorsal series of conical cylindrical tubercles. Young with 

 a few spines on the margins and back of the arms. Allied 

 to Porania. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 278. Asterius 

 carinifera, Lamk. ii. 556. Asteropsis carinifera Miill. 

 & Troseh. 63, t. 3. f. 4. Inhab. Panama, fine sand, 16 

 fathoms, //. Cuming, Esq, 



2. Gymnasteria inermis. Raj's rapidly tapering, convex 

 above, witliout any s])ines. Gray, Ann. y. H. 1840, p. 278. 

 Inhab. I'anama, in fine sand, 10 fathoms. Half the size of 

 the yomig spiucd specimens of the former species. 



See a. Asteropsis ctenaeantha, Miill. ^' Troseh. Ast. 64. 



b. The ambulacra with two series of larger spines near the 

 edge ; body depressed ; back jlat. 



* The ossieula granulated, sunk in the skin, often spine- 

 bearing. Gray, I.e. 1840. G'ortiw/is«/s,;Miill.Si; Troseh. 

 Ast. 57, 1842. 



IX. Paulia, Gray. Body 5 -rayed, formed of flat granu- 

 lated spine-bearing irregular ossieula on the disk and 

 margin, without any two-lipped pores. Gray, Ann. N. H. 

 1840, p. 278. 



1. Paulia horrida. Chestnut-brown; spines acute. 



Yar. Smaller ; arras as long as the width of the body, 

 rather tapering ; spines smaller, blunt, rounded at the tip ; 

 back more closelv granulated. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1810, 

 p.278; Miill. &:Tr'osch.A.^t.61. Inhab. Punto SantaElena. 

 Rocky ground, 12 to 18 fathoms, //. Cuming, Esg. 



X. Ranrasia. Body pentagonal, with a tubercular skin 

 above, and large granular ])lates beneath and on the mar- 

 gin, without any two-lipjied slits, but with one or two 

 small jiores near the oral angles beneath, M'here the tuber- 

 cles are rubbed otf. Allied to Culcita. Gray, Ann. N. H. 

 1840, p. 278. 



Body jicntagonal, depressed, minutely granular; back 

 nearly flat, minutely gi'anular, reticulated ; reticulations 

 rather tubercular; interspaces sunken (when dry) and 

 covered with very minute close perforations. Dorsal 

 tubercles roundish, single, subeentral. ^largins fur- 

 nished with an upper and lower series of oblong ossieula ; 

 the upper ones narrower internally, Avith a eentral scries 

 of tubercles ;. the lower ones oblong, close together, and 

 convex. The oral stuface protected by close, regular, 

 squarish, convex ossicida, covered with short crowded 

 granules, llie ambulacral spines in rounded groups ; the 

 series of tubercles nearest the ambulacra larger, crowded, 

 and placed in groups of three or five, and those in tlie oral 

 angles largest and flat-topped. Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 74. 



This genus difters fi'om Pentaceros in the back being 

 flat, elevated, and not angular ; it is in several respects 

 intermediate between Culcita and Pentaceros. 



1. Randusia granvlata (T. 2. f. 1). Body five-sided; 

 back minutely granular, with roundish convex subconieal 

 tubereulcs in the reticulations ; the marginal plates four- 

 teen on each side, the upper ones with a central series of 

 tubercles. Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 75 ; Ann. N .H. 1847, 

 p. 196. Inhab. Reefs of Attagor, Torres Straits. 



There are two specimens of this species in the British 

 Museum, one in a very bad state. 



2. Randasia spinulosa (T. 12. f. 3). Body five-sided; 

 back and upper marginal j)lates covered with numerous 

 small, conical, acute spines, without any larger tubercles ; 

 the upper mai'ginal plates indistinct. Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, 

 p. 75. Inhab. ? 



This species is very like the former in shape, size, and 

 appearance, but is very easily known from it by the nu- 

 merous mobile acute spines with which the back and 

 upper part of the margin are covered, a])pearing to take 

 the places of the small granulations, and ])y the absence 

 of the tubercles on the elevated ribs of the back. 



3. Randasia Luzonica. Thick, brown ; the tubercles of 

 the underside unequal, the larger ones flat-topped ; sides 

 straight. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 278. Inhab. Island 

 of Lu9on, in the Port of Sual, H. Cuming, Esq. 



XI. AxTHENEA. Body five-rayed, ehaify, with immersed 

 elongated tubercle-bearing ossieula ; margin with regular 

 rows of large tesserae ; both surfaces (especially the under) 

 scattered with large two-lipped pores. Gray, Ann. N. H. 

 1810, p. 279 ; P. Z. S. 1847, p. 77. 



t A very large two-lipped pore on each ossiculum of the oral 

 surface ; the back netted and chaffy. 



1. Anthenea Chinensis. Back obscurely netted, rather 

 chaffy, with scattered tnuieatcd tubercles in rather diver- 

 ging lines; marginal plates not tubercled; rays broad, 

 half the length of the width of the body. Gray, Ann. N. 



