fi 



a. Buck formed of irregular clofH/ated ossirula, aiiiiarcvthj 

 rctiriilalcd ; liw sjjinen with ciilari/t'd buses, iii/ersjjuces 

 closely punctured. 



1. Peiitareros (/randis. Arms very hroad, as wide as long 

 iit till' base, only half us lon<^ as the uulth of the body. 

 Gray, Ann. X.H. 1810, p. 276; Seba, t. 8. f. 1. Diam. 

 17". luhab. . 



2. Peidaceros reliciilatits. Arms rather broad, nearly as 

 long as the width of the body ; baek convex. Monstrosity 

 4-lobed. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 27G; Eiimp/i. Miis. 

 t. 15. f. D. Asterias reticulata, Linn. Oreaster rcticu- 

 latus, Mii//. cS' Trosrh. Asl. 45, t.3. f. 2. Inhab. West Indies, 

 Barbadoes, Ralph Green, Esq. 



3. Pentaceros (/ibbus. Arms rather shorter than the 

 Avidtli of the body ; hack depressed. Gray, Ann. N. H. 

 1840, p. 276 ; Linck, t. 2:i. f. 36 ; Seba, iii. t. 7. f. 1. In- 

 hab. West Indies and St. Mncent's, Rev. L. Guildiny. 



See a. Pentaceros leiitiginosus, Linck, 25. t. 41, 42. 

 f. 72. b. Ast. pentaeyphus. Ret::., with smaller spines and 

 a nearly spineless margin, c. Pentaceros horridus, Linck, 

 t. 25. f. 40. 



4. Pentaceros Cumingii. The arms rather narrow, nearly 

 as long as the diameter of the body ; marginal spines few, 

 small ; back rather depressed, with eoiueal protuberances 

 bearing small spines. Diam. 12". Gray, Ann. N. H. 

 1840, p. 276. Inhab. Puuto Santa Elena. Rocky ground 

 12 or 18 fathoms, H. Cuniinf/, Esq. 



Perhaps the young of a much larger species. 



5. Pentaceros nodosus. Arms rather narrow, nearly as 

 long as the width of the body, with a single series of 

 l)lunt tubercles ; back rather depressed, with a large 

 tubercle on each angle of the centre. Gray, Ann. N. H. 

 1840, p. 276; Linck, t. 26. f. 41. Ast. nodosa a, Luntk.; 

 Mull. ^- Trosch. Ast. 48. Inhab. Isle of France, Dr. IF. 

 E. Leach. 



In Liiick's figure the spines are rather larger than in our 

 specimens of nearly the same size. 



6. Pentaceros Chinensis. Rays elongated, nearly as long 

 as the width of the body, with small blunt marginal tu- 

 bercles ; baek loigh, with foiu- or five small central tubercles, 

 and a very large blunt tubercle at each angle. Gray, Ann. 

 N. H. 1840, p. 276. Inhab. China, J. Reeves, Esq. 



The central dorsal scries of tessene are not anued with 

 spines ; ai'e they so in larger specimens ? 



7. Pentaceros Franklinii (T. 10). Rays elongate, as long 

 as the width of the body, with a dorsal series of broad 

 blunt tubercles ; back high, with very large spines at each 

 angle; margin not armed. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 277. 



Var. 1. With one or two conical tubercles on each side 

 of the tubercles, near the one at the angle of the centi'al 

 dorsal disk. Inhab. Coast of New Holhind, G. Bennett, 

 Esq. 



See a. Pentaceros turritus, Linck, t. 22, 23. f. 3. Like 

 the former, but the back is more spinous, and the spines 

 are not so large. 



8. Pentaceros muricatus. Arms elongated, nearly as long 

 as the width of the body, with a dorsal series of large, and 



with two or three large conical spines near the tips; back 

 ratlicr high, spinous. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1810, p. 277; 

 Linck, t. 7. f. 8. Ast. LincUii, Blainv. A. nodosa, Lam. 

 Seba, iii. t. 7. f. 3. Oreaster turritus, MUll. ^- Trosch. Ast. 

 47. luhab. . (Brit. Mus.) 



9. Pentacero.i granulosus (T. 6. f. 3) . Five-rayed ; rays as 

 long as the diameter of the disk, rounded at the tip ; back 

 rather convex; ossicula convex, rounded, all covered with 

 close rounded granules, the two or three central ones on 

 the top of each ossiculum being larger, those on the middle 

 of the baek largest and subtubcrcular ; the marginal 

 ossicula convex, rounded. Gray, P. Z. S. 1817, p. 75. 

 Inhab. Western Australia. 



Young? Arms more slender, and the lower marginal 

 ossicula near the tips of the arms each with a group of two 

 or three spines, the one nearest the tip largest. The 

 dorsal siu'face of this species is furnished with abundance 

 of pedicelfaria, one arising from each hole between the 

 ossieida. 



10. Pentaceros modestus (T. 9). Arms rather depressed, 

 broad, not quite as long as the diameter of the body, with 

 six or seven large convex tubercles along the middle of 

 the upper surface ; the hinder tubercle with a smaller 

 tubercle on each side of it, forming an irregular ring of 

 tubercles exterior to the dorsal ones ; baek ^vith a circular 

 series of five large ovate blunt spines. luhab. ? 



See a. Oreaster affinis, Midi, i^' Trosch. Ast. 46. b. Ore- 

 aster Chinensis, Mill I. 6; Trosch. Ast. 46. c. Oreaster 

 tulDcrculatus, Miill. ^ Trosch. Ast. 46. d. Asterias mammil- 

 lata, Aud. Descr. Egypt, Ecliin. 209, t. 5 ; Oreaster mam- 

 millatus, Miill. (Sf Trosch. Ast. 48. e. Oreaster verrucosus, 

 Miill. 6)- Trosch. Ast. 49. /. Asterias stellata, Mas. Tessin. 

 114, t. 9. f. 2 ; Oreaster clavatus, Miill. ij- Trosch. Ast. 49; 

 Seba, t. 6. f. 1, 2, t. 5. f. 7, 8. g. Oreaster carinatus, Miill. 

 ^- Trosch. Ast. 49. h. Asterias obtusata, Lamk. E. M. 

 1. 103 ; Oreaster obtui-atus, Miill. ^ Trosch. Ast. 56. /. As- 

 terias obtusangula, Lamk. ii. 556 ; Oreaster obtusangula, 

 Miill. (5)- Trosch. Ast. 51. j. Oreaster rcgidus, Miill. ij- 

 Trosch. Ast. 51. k. Oreaster orientalis, MiUl. &; Trosch. 

 Ast. 827 ; China. /. Oreaster gigas, Lutken ; AVest Indies 

 (B.M.). 



b. Back formed of in-egular flat-topped ossicula, placed in 



roirs .10 as to appear nearly tessellated ; arms elongated, 

 rather narrow. 



11. Pentaceros nodosus. Ai-ms with a double series of 

 hemispherical tubercles ; back rather dcjn-esscd ; marginal 

 ossicula imequal, lower ones with small blunt conical spines. 

 Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 172. Asterias nodosa, Gmelin 

 (part.), Seba, iii. t. 8. f. 11, 12 (t. 5. f. 11, 12, without spines 

 on the margin ?) . Oreaster nodosus, Miill. A,- Trosch. Ast. 

 52. Inhab. Isle of Fi-ance, W. E. Leach, M.D. 



c. Back formed of regular rounded o0icula, placed in rows, 



rather low. 



12. Pentaceros aculeatiis. With three ridges of small 

 spine-bearing tubercles ; back ratlicr depressed, with tlu-ee 

 small spines at the angles; mai'giual ossicula rounded, with 



