the moiith beneath. Grmj, Ann. N. H. 1810, p. 180. 

 Asiatic. 



I. Nanricia pulchcUa. Rays 5, half as long as the width 

 of the body, gradually tapering ; lower series of marginal 

 tubercles with a series of broad flat spines on the upper 

 margin of each. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 180 ; Seba, iii. 

 t. 8. f. 7, a, b (not good) . Inliab. China ? Japan ? 



The Stellaster sulcatm, INIoljius, 1. c. t. 4. f. 1, 2, appears 

 to be from a specimen which has lost its marginal spines. 



II. AsTKoPECTEN. Ambulacral spines simple, linear, 

 without any tesserae between the marginal tubercles near 

 the mouth and angles of the arms. Gray, Ann. N. H. 

 1840, p. 180. 



1. Body pentagonal ; rays short. Gray, 1. c. 1840. Cteno- 



discus, MiiU. & Trosch. Ast. 76. 



1. Astropeden polaris. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 180. 

 Asterias polaris, Sabine, Append. Parry^s Voy. 223, t. 1. 

 f. 2, 3. Ctenodiscus polaris, Miill. & Trosch. Ast. 76, t. 5. 

 f. 5, 129. Ctenodiscus crispatus, Luthen (B.M.). Aste- 

 rias crispata, Retz. Diss. 17. Inhab. North Sea. 



Astropeden corniculatus, Linck, t. 27 & t. 36. f. 63 ; 

 perhaps a variety of the former ; and Ctenodiscus pyg- 

 mcBus, Miill. & Trosch. Ast. 76, p. 129, is the young. 



2. Body 5-rayed ; arms depressed; the upper series of 



marginal tubercles broad, rounded or shelving towards 

 the edge. 



a. The dorsal tubercles between the angles of the arms on 



the centre of the back and on the lines down the centre 

 of the arms the largest. Gray, 1. c. 1840. Archaster, 

 Mull. & Trosch. Ast. 1842. 



2. Astropeden stellaris. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 181. 

 Archaster typicus, Miill. & Trosch. Monatsb. Berl. 1840 ; 

 Ast. 65, t. 5. f. 2 (B.M.). Inhab. . 



See a. Archaster hesperus. Mull, i; Trosch. Ast. 66. b. 

 Archaster angulatus, 3Iull. <Sj- Trosch. Ast. 66. 



b. TTie dorsal tubercles subequal, with fasciculated spines. 

 Gray, 1. c. 1840. Astropeden, Mull. & Trosch. 1841. 



t The oral series of marginal tubercles produced beyond 

 the dorsal ones. 



* The upjKT marginal tubercles with a single series of spines 

 at the angle of the base of the rays, and with another 

 series at the end of the rays, which together make a 

 double series near the base of the rays. 



3. Astropeden duplicatus. Rays three times as long as 

 the diameter of the body, slender ; marginal spines elon- 

 gated, depressed, linear. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 181. 

 A. Brasiliensis, Miill. (s; Trosch. Ast. 68? Inhab. St. Yin- 

 cent's, Rev. L. Guilding. 



4. Astropeden aurantiacus. Rays three times as long as 



the diameter of the body, slender ; marginal spines subu- 

 late, elongated. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 181 ; Miill. 

 (Sf Trosch. Ast. G7. Asterias aurantiaca, Linn. ; Philippi, 

 Wiegm. Arch. 1837, p. 193 ; Linck, t. 3. f. 6,t. 6. f. 6; E. M. 

 t. 110. f. 23. Inhab. Mediterranean. 



5. Astropeden stellatus. Rays more than twice as long as 

 the width of the body. The central area of the arms is 

 about as wide as one series of the marginal tubercles. 

 Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 181 ? Astropecten Valencienii, 

 Mail. S^ Trosch. Ast. Qi^. Inhab. Coast of South America? 



See a. Astropecten Tiedemanni, Miill. ^- Trosch. Ast. 69 

 (Mus. Vienna). 



** The upjier series of marginal tubercles with a continued 

 single series of spines on the angle of the arms. 



6. Astropecten armatus. Rays elongate, regularly taper- 

 ing; upper marginal tubercles narrow, with a continued 

 series of erect, elongated, subulate spines. 



Var. pulcher. The under series of marginal tubercles 

 not produced, and the spines more slender. Gray, Ann. 

 N. H. 1840, p. 181. Inhab. Puerto Portrero, South Ame- 

 rica, on sandy bottoms, 9 fathoms, H. Cuming, Esq. 

 (var.). 



7. Astropeden echinatus. Rays rather more than twice 

 as long as the width of the body ; upper series of spines 

 large; lower series depressed, acute. Gray, Ann. N. H. 

 1840, p. 181 ; Linck, 29, t. 8. f. 12, 12. 



See a. Astropecten bisjiinosus, Miill. ^ Trosch. Ast. 64. 

 b. Asterias bispinosa. Otto, Nov. Ada Leap. xi. p. 285, t. 39. 



*** TJie upper series of marginal tubercles spineless, the 

 lower series much produced. 



8. Astropecten marginatus. Rays nearly tliree times as 

 long as the width of the body ; lower marginal tubercles 

 linear, depressed. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 181. 



Astropecten fimbriatus, Linck, is probably this species 

 with the marginal spines lost. 



9. Astropecten regalis. Rays one-fourth longer than 

 the diameter of the body, broad, tapering; spines broad, 

 blunt, depressed. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 181. Inhab. 

 St. Bias, H, Cuming, Esq. 



Like A . marginatus, but the arms are shorter and broader. 



**** The upper series of marginal tubercles with two se- 

 ries of spines at the base and one along the edge of the 

 arms. 



10. Astropecten erinaceus. Arms gradually tapering, 

 twice as long as the width of the body ; upper marginal 

 tubercles rather narrow, with a series of small short spines, 

 and a series of six or eight larger ones. Gray, Ann. N. H. 

 1840, p. 182. "St. Elena, sandy mud, 6 fathoms," H. 

 Cuming, Esq. 



tt The under or oral series of margiual tubercles rounded, 

 and not produced beyond the dorsal ones. 



* The upper series of marginal tubercles with a series of 

 short spines. 



11. Astropecten Mauritianus. Ravs broad; lower spines 



b2 



