3101. Stcllonia rubens, Nardo. Asteracanthion rubens, 

 .1//'//. iS" Trosr/i. Asf. 17, 120. liihub. Euro|)Ciui ocean. Is 

 not tbis only the female with eggs of the former? 



8. Ask'fins lui/ficrhi/p. Rays or rarely f), nc^irly three 

 times as lon<i as the width of the body ; back with scattered 

 and crowded blunt, nmuh-tipped spines. Gray, Ann. N. H. 

 1«1(), p. 17'J; MiU/. <.V 7>v/.s7/(. Ast. 19. Inhab. North 

 America, month of the Columbia river, Lady Katherinc 

 Douglas. 



9. Axterias Wilkinsonii. Hays 5, nearly three times as 

 lonp: as the width of the body; back with about seven 

 irregular interrupted series of rather blimt rough spines. 

 Gray, Ann. N. H. 1810, p. 179; MUll. .V Truscli. Ast. 19. 

 Inhab. Northern Africa, Sir J. G. Wilkinson. 



Seeff. Asteracanthion africanum, Miill.i>;Trosch.Ast. 15; 

 (^apc of Good Hope. b. Ast. jmlare, Mdll. 6\- Trosch. Ast. 

 10; Greenland (B.M.). c. Asterias rosea, iV/«//t'r, Z. Z). 

 t. 07 ; E. M. t. 1 16. f. 3, 3; Asteracanthicni roseum, Mii/l ^• 

 Trosch. Ast. 17; North Sea. d. Ast. Bootis, MUM. &; 

 Trosch. Ast. 17 (Mus. Paris), e. Ast. striatum, Lamk. ii. 

 564; Mail, if Trosch. Ast. 18. /. Ast. Groenlaudicus, 

 Steen.<itr.; Greenland (B.M.). ff. Ast. problema, /S/ee«*//*. ; 

 Greenland (B.M.). h. Ast. Miilleri, Sars ; Greenland 

 (B.M.) 



f. Body discoidal, dirided ut the edge into numerous short 

 tapering rays ; the series of spines near the anibulacral 

 series rather crowded, large, and elongated. Heliaster, 

 Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 179. 



10. Asterias helianthus. Arms 33 or 34, about a quarter 

 the length of the w idtli of the body, with three equidistant 

 series of short blunt spines. Gray, Ann. N. H. 18 lO, p. 180; 

 Lam. 20; E. Meth. t. 108, 109. Stellonia helianthus, 

 Agassiz. Asteracanthion helianthus, Miill. ^ Trosch. Ast. 

 18. Inhab. (Juasco, Chili, Say; Valparaiso, H. Cuming, 

 Esq. 



11. Asterias Cumingii. Arms 30 or 31, very short, not 

 one-tenth as long as the diameter of the body, conical, with 

 blunt spines. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 180. Inhab. 

 Hood's Island, on rocks at spring tide, H. Cuming, Esq. 



12. Asterias mtdtiradiata. Arms 22 or 24, cylindrical, 

 elongated, tapering at the ends, one-third longer than the 

 diameter of the body ; the dorsal series of spines rather 

 longer and more conipi'esscd. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, 

 p. 180. Inhab. Hood's Island, H. Cuming, Esq. 



II. U.\ioPHOR.\. Body rather depressed ; rays broad, 

 blunt ; skeleton formed of transverse oblong ossicula, 

 each bearing a large unequal-sized subglobnlar articulated 

 spine, placed in longitudinal series. The ambulacra 

 with two or three series of c(jual equidistant filiform blunt 

 spines on each side. Dorsal wart convex, complicated. 

 Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 288; Miill. ^ Trosch. Ast. 2]. 



1. Uniophora globifera. Rays short, broad, roimded, with 

 globular tubercles. Gray, I. c. p. 288. Itdiab. \x\n Diemen's 

 Land, Ronald Gunn, Esq. 



B. Bark with mobile tubercles. 



111. ]\rAiuiARAsTi;ii. Skelct(m largely reticulated, witli 

 smooth collides between the reticulations, which are sharp- 

 edged and studded with rounded granules ; ambulacra 

 bordered with a series of short small spines. 



1. M. graniferus. Asterias granifera, brtmk, ii. 560. 

 Asteracanthion granifcrum, Miill. i^ Trosch. 20, t. 1. f. 2? 

 Asterias serr\data, E. M. t. 104? Ast. janthina, Brandt. 

 Inhab. Pacific Ocean. 



W . ToMA. Skeleton netted, with a series of crowded 

 small blunt mobile spines on the sides of each ossiculum ; 

 ambulacra bordered with a crowded series of subulate 

 spines, and without any triangular pierced pieces within 

 them. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1810, p. 180. 



1. Tonia atlantica. Rays 5, more than twice as long as 

 the width of the body ; back with nine series of cross bauds. 

 Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 180. Asterias aurantia, Meyer, 

 Reise,'\. 222. Stichaster striatus, Midi, if Trosch. Monalsb. 

 Berlin, 1840. Asteracanthion aurantiaeum, Miill. i^- Trosch. 

 Ast. 21, t. 1. f. 3, 1842. Inhab. Valparaiso, on rocks at 

 low water, H. Cuming, Esq. 



See also a. Asterias ochracea, Brandt, 09. b. Astera- 

 canthion margatiferum, MUll. if Trosch. Ast. .20. 



V. MiTHRODiA. The rays cylindrical, elougate, spinulose; 

 the skeleton netted, with scattered small rugose spines, and 

 series of large elavate spinulose spines regularly articulated 

 to a broad expanded base on the sides of the arms ; ambu- 

 lacra with very fine long haii'-like spines placed in rounded 

 groups, with a series of large sj^iues near them. Gray, 

 Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 287. 



1. Mithrodia spinulosa. Axxas five times as long as the 

 width of the body, with a series of large spines on each 

 side. The series of spines next to those on the edge of 

 the ambulacra are sometimes hatchet-shaped. Gray, 

 Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 288. Asterias clavigera, Lam. n. 29? 

 Pentadactylosastcr reticnlatus, Linck, t. 6. and 10. f. 16? 

 Asterias reticulata, Blainv. Man. ? not Linn, uor Lam. 

 Asteracanthion Linckii, Mull. ^- Trosch. Ast. 18. 



Sect. 2. The ambulacra ivith only two rows of feet. 



Family II. ASTROPECTINID.E. 



Back flatfish, netted, with numerous tubercles, crowned 

 with radiating spines at the tip, called paxilli ; vent dis- 

 tinct. Astropectinidie, Gray, Ann. N. H. 1840, p. 180. 



A. The margin of the rays ciliated, with a series of simple 

 elongated spines, tlie paxilli or croicned tubercles regu- 

 larly radiating. .Vstropecten, Linck. Asterias, Agas- 

 siz. Stellaria, Nardo. 



a. The rays edged with a series of large regular tubercles, 

 which increase in number as the animal grows. 



I. Naiuiicia. The anibulacral spines broad and ciliated; 

 two series of tcsscric between the angles of the arms and 



