dredged in the Gulf of Gascony by Dr. Koehler and his colleagues of the 
* Caudan” and referred by them to this species. Some young specimens, from 
the Andamans, 172-3038 fms., which I believe to belong to this species, have the 
base attached to shells, ete. Distribution: West Indian Seas, Atlantic between 
the parallels of 46° N. and 35° S., Arabian Sea. (? Andaman Sea.) Fossil : 
Sicilian (Messina) Tertiaries. 
2. Caryophyllia ambrosia, n. sp. Pl. i, figs. 1, 1a. 
Caryophyllia communis, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, Jan. 1891, p. 6. 
This species very closely resembles the preceding, but differs from it con- 
stantly (in a series of over two hundred specimens) in the following parti- 
culars :-— 
The calyx is more broadly elliptical in outline and is much more filled up 
by the septa, pali, etc.: the epitheca is more abundant, and the costx are much 
less distinct : the whole texture of the corallum is far more delicate. 
The late Professor Martin Duncan, to whom I once sent specimens, wrote 
that he did “not consider that they belong to Moseley’s form communis of 
Seguenza: that has some large costze—at least, the fossil species which Moseley 
said his deep-sea forms belonged to has.” 
Notwithstanding this opinion, I was rashly inclined to believe—especially 
after seeing the “Blake” figures—that the two forms were identical, until 
lately when the true C. communis was dredged, as above mentioned. 
I now think that the present species more closely resembles, and may 
perhaps prove to be identical with, the Ceratocyathus suborbicularis of Seguenza 
(tom. cit. p. 445, pl. v. figs. 6, 6a). 
Corallum elegantly horn-shaped, with a thin epitheca which, except in the 
upper fourth or fifth of the wall, is dull and easily scales off. ‘There are costze 
corresponding to all the septa, but they are mere striations, although those of 
the first two cycles are occasionally a little prominent near the calicular margin 
—which is broadly elliptical or subcireular. 
The septa are all thin and trenchant, with the granular striz present but 
inconspicuous. Fourteen to seventeen of them are (equally) large and strongly 
exsert, and divide the calicle into as many equal chambers; and each chamber 
is divided into four stalls by three small septa—a median smaller and two 
lateral Jarger and more exsert. Opposite the smaller median septum of each 
chamber stands a very large thin foliaceous palus, the surfaces of which are 
strongly denticulate. 
There are thus from 14 to 17 large pali, in a crown of remarkable 
symmetry which largely fills up the calicle. 

