14 
eurved subcircular or broadly-elliptical cup. It is invested with a very thin 
vitreous epitheca, and is distinctly costate, to the naked eye, only near the 
calicular margin. 
The septa are in four complete cycles. Those of the first two cycles are 
large and strongly exsert, and divide the calice into twelve chambers of equal 
size, those of the third cycle are larger and a little more exsert than those of 
the fourth and have their very wavy free edge elegantly pleated back, to make 
room for the large sinuous pali. 
The columella is not very deep-seated and consists of several large curled 
leaf-like processes. 
The colour is pure ivory white with a faint brownish-pink tinge near the 
calicular margin. 
Off the west coast of the Andamans, 240-220 fms., and off the Elicapeni 
Bank (Uaccadive Sea) 705 fms. 
5. Caryophyllia paradoxus, nu. sp. Pl. i. figs. 2, 2a-c. 
This species is so extremely variable as almost to defy description. Like 
Caryophyllia profunda Moseley, it is found in fused masses encrusting dead 
coralla; and in one such mass may be found, along with individuals that have 
the typical Caryopbylliaceous corallum, others that have no pali, and hardly 
more columella than a Desmophyllum. 
The corallum has an encrusting base and a cylindrical stalk that may be 
either long slender and twisted or, less commonly, short thick and almost 
straight. The stalk expands, either gradually or suddenly, into a calyx of 
which the orifice may be circular, or moderately compressed, or narrowly 
elliptical with the major axis on a much lower plane than the minor axis; the 
lip of the calyx may either be everted with the septa exsert, or be not at all 
everted with the septa not exsert. 
The calicle is generally deep, but may be shallow, and the septa pali and 
columella are not quite alike in any two out of many hundred specimens. 
The septa, like the thecal wall, are generally of heavy and coarse make, 
and have the granules or spicules of the surface so well developed that some- 
times they almost meet across the loculi, like synapticula. There are from 
thirteen to seventeen large, exsert—but never quite equal-sized—septa, which 
divide the calicle into as many never quite equal-sized chambers, and each 
chamber is divided into four compartments by three smaller septa—a median, 
usually large, and two lateral, small. 
In the specimens that strictly conform to the Caryophyllia type there is a 
siagle crown of pali, opposite the middle septum of each of the 18 to 17 
