THE MYXOSPORIDIA, OR PSOROSPERMS OF FISHES. 269 
pares with the observations of Auerbach and others,! but without 
affirming Auerbach’s interpretation of dichromophilism as indicative 
of nuclear bisexuality. 
Habitat.—Host: Bufo lentiginosus Shaw (a toad). The single speci- 
men was a large female, sent with a lot of frogs (which latter showed 
no unusual mortality) from fle country to the laboratory early in 
September. A gradual increase in size took place in the toad and 
finally became particularly noticeable, but this was unconsciously 
ascribed to development of ova. About November 15 the specimen 
was noticed lying on its back, apparently dead, showing on careful 
examination, however, a faint flutter of the pleural wall over the heart, 
but no respiration. 
Dr. OhImacher has kindly informed me (letter, 1893) that the loeality 
whence all the specimens were obtained is Sycamore, De Kalb County, 
Iilinois. Three more specimens of B. lentiginosus collected there July, 
1893, showed the same myxosporidian species, but not in such numbers. 
All of the toads thus far examined have been females. (Later the 
same condition was found in the males.) 
Seat: Almost invariably present in larger or smaller groups in the 
lumen of the urinary tubules; never within the epithelial cells, which 
latter never show the nuclear metamorphosis occurring with the intra- 
cellular Sporozoa; occasionally found in sections among the blood cor- 
puscles in the large blood vessels, it being here impossible to say that 
it might not have been due to displacement during the technique; 
never found in the glomeruli; occurring sparingly in the collapsed 
folds of the urinary bladder, always on the bladder surface, never 
imbedded in the bladder wall; also free in the urine. 
Microscopic technique-—Vixation by absolute alcohol or Flemming; 
imbedding in xylol-parafiin; affixing by the water-albumen method; 
staining with various anilins. 
Mode of infection.—As to the origin of the yxosporidian infection, 
it can only be conjectured, Ohlmacher says, that it must have occurred 
by way of the cloaca to the bladder, and from here the parasites 
ascended the urinary passages. It is probable that in this case the 
parasite did not reach its adult condition in its batrachian host, but 
here only passed one stage of its development, the spore stage. 
Pathology—Abdomen containing a large quantity of straw-colored, 
serous fluid derived from the abdominal cavity and the subeutaneous 
lymph sinuses; to this fluid the distension was in large part due. The 
organs showed nothing unusual, except that the urinary bladder was 
1 Ohlmacher gives reference as follows: Auerbach, Ueber einen sexuellen Gegen- 
satz in der chromophile der Keimsubstanzen ; Sitzgsber. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wissensch. 
Berlin, June 25, 1891, pp. 713-750; Adamkiewicz, Untersuchung ii. d. Krebs u. d. 
Princip. seiner Behandlung, Wien u. Leipzig, 1893; Noeggerath, Beitriige z. Struktur 
u. Entwickelung d. Carcinoms, Wiesbaden, 1892; Watasé, Journ. Morphol., 1892. v1, 
pp. 481-493. 
