INTRODUCTION 



13 



in the other, and open in the centre. The fluid which has 

 been stored up in the pupa enters the winglet at the open- 

 ing referred to, expanding the membranes as it passes along 

 between them, and the nervures at the same time, and when 

 it has extended to every portion of the wing, then it is fully 

 expanded. The expanding fluid is of a gummy consistency, 

 and as it dries, cements the membranes together, also the 

 edges of the half-nervures, and produces the hollow tubes 

 with which we are so familiar." 



Butterflies and Moths 



The butterflies and moths both belong to the great order 

 of scale-winged insects — the Lepidoptera. They are dis- 

 tinguished, however, by certain general characteristics, 

 which hold true for the most part in both groups. The 

 butterflies fly by day; the 

 moths fly by night. All of 

 the higher butterflies go into 

 the chrysalis state without 

 making a silken cocoon, 

 while most of the higher 

 moths make such a cocoon. 

 The bodies of the butterflies 

 are usually slender, while 

 those of the larger moths are 

 stout. The antennae of the 

 butterflies are generally 

 slender and commonly en- 

 larged at the tip into a miniature club. The antennae of 

 the larger moths are commonly feathery or are long and 

 slender, tapering gradually toward the tip. 



Butterfly wing scales, magnified. 

 Holland) 



(From 



