[139] CEPHALOPODS OF NORTHEASTERN COAST OF AMERICA. 
the suckers of the outer row are thus modified in the larger males. Of 
the inner row a somewhat smaller number of suckers show distinct al: 
teration, and these are less extensively altered; their pedicels are 
swollen and their cups reduced, but not to so great an extent, and 
usually none of the cups are entirely absent. 
In young males, with the mantle about 70™™ to 90™™ (young of the 
previous year, or perhaps of the first year, when three to five months 
old), these modifications of the suckers began to appear, at first very 
indistinctly, by a slight enlargement of the bases of the pedicels and a 
scarcely noticeable decrease in the size of the cups. In specimens with 
the mantle 100™™ to 130™™ long (probably young of the previous year, 
nine months to a year old) the modification of the suckers, though much 
less marked than in the adults, is sufficiently distinct, the pedicels having 
become distinctly longer and stouter, while the cups are evidently re- 
duced in size, but none of them are abortive in such specimens. 
Loligo Pealei var. borealis Verrill. 
Plate XXVII, figure 1 (pen). Plate XXXII, figure 2 (anatomy). 
Since describing this variety, I have had opportunities to examine 
a much larger series of specimens from Cape Ann. These show very 
plainly that this form passes by intermediate gradations into the typical 
form, so that it cannot be considered as anything more than a local or 
geographical variety. The differences in the proportion of the fin to 
the mantle, noticed in the original specimens, do not hold good with a 
larger series. The only varietal character of much importance is the 
relatively smaller suckers, and this is much less marked in most of the 
‘later examples than in the former ones, and is a character that varies 
greatly in the specimens from every locality.* 
In the original specimens the ‘pen’ (Plate XX VII, fig. 1), while having 
the general form of that of Z. Pealei, tapers more gradually anteriorly, 
and has a narrower, more tapered, sharper, and stiffer anterior tip. 
The variations in proportion are sufficiently indicated by the measure- 
ments given in Tables A, B, and ©, in which those specimens designated 
as 2 G to 5 G were measured while fresh. The one marked An ? is 
from the lot originally described as variety borealis, and illustrates the 
abnormally small size of the suckers. 
Loligo Pealei var. pallida Verrill. 
Plate XXVIII, figures 1-7. Plate XXIX, figure 1 (anatomy). 
This geographical variety or subspecies is distinguished from the 
typical form chiefly by its shorter and stouter body in both sexes, its 
broader and larger caudal fin, and the larger size of the suckers, es- 
pecially those of the tentacular club. 
The caudal fin is broad-rhomboidal, often as broad as long, or even 
*Probably those with abnormally small tentacular suckers are instances in which 
the arms, the clubs, or the suckers have been lost and afterwards reproduced, as ex- 
plained below. : 
