Vlll CONTENTS. 



PAGB 



Terms of Position and Direction — Toponomy 20 



The normal position of the body 21 



Designation of the aspects of animals 21 



Views of Barclay and others 21-22 



Ambiguity of terms 22 



Intrinsic Toponomy 23 



Cephalic and caudal, dorsal, ventral, dextral, sinistral, lateral and mesal — 



signification and use by various authors 23-24 



Ventrimeson, dorsimeson, intermediate and medial 25 



Designation of the Regions of the Limbs 25 



Proximal and distal extremities 25 



Cephalic and caudal, dorsal and ventral aspects 25-23 



Other names for the extremities and aspects 2G 



Terms of General Amplication to the Whole Body 26 



Central and peripheral, ectal and ental 26-27 



Inflections, etc 27 



Adjective endings 27 



Use of the prepositions of and /row 27 



Limitations of accuracy • 27 



Derivatives, connecting vowels of 28 



Compound words — Hybrid words 28 



Primary Divisions of the Body — Soma and Membra 29 



Axial portion, soma — Appendicular portion, membra — Truncus or trunk. . 29 

 Comparison of right and left (dextral and sinistral) in the object and the 



observer , 29-3 1 



Position and direction on the soma 31 



Columna vertebralis, its constitution and location £2 



Canalis neuralis and ccelum or general body cavity 33 



Essential characteristic of all vertebrates 33 



Body Planes 33-34 



Meson 33 



Paired or Lateral Organs — Azygous or Mesal Organs 33, 43 



Designation of Position and Direction 34 



Direct lines — Oblique lines 34 



Designation of direct and oblique lines 34-35 



Designation of position on oblique and direct lines 35 



Designation of diagonal lines 35 



Designation of the relative position of points on diagonal lines 36 



Designation of Direction and Rdativc Position on the Limbs 36 



Ental and ectal and their derivatives 36 



The soma and its divisions — Head, neck, trunk and tail 36 



The trunk and its divisions — Thorax, abdomen and pehis 36-37 



Partition between the abdomen and thorax 37 



Ccelum or trunk cavity 37 



Table of the divisions of the body 39 



Normal Position of the Limbs 37 



Limb Segments and the Arthra or Joints 40 



Limb bones 40 



Carpus and tarsus 41 



