152 ANATOMICAL TECHNOLOGY. 



§ 380. Special Mnemonics of the Humerus. — With a bone 

 having such numerous and important anatomical relations, so vari- 

 ously placed in different animals and in the same animal at differ- 

 ent times, so frequently involved in surgery, and so generall}^ rep- 

 resented in painting and statuary, it is very desirable that the names 

 and relative positions of the parts should be promptly remembered. 

 The following mnemonic suggestions may prove useful to some : — 



Of the two ends of the bone, proximal and distal, the fonner is 

 the larger and has the longer name. 



The cephalic side is also called radial^ and both these names are 

 longer than the corresponding words caudal and ulnar, which 

 apply to the opposite side. 



With one exception, the principal features of the cephalic side 

 have longer names than the similar parts upon the caudal side. 

 Trocliiter, capitellum and Fs. radlalis are longer than trocliin, 

 troclilea and Fs. ulnar is. The trochiter itself also is larger than 

 the trochin. 



Epicondylus equals epitrocMea in length, but the latter is read- 

 ily associated with troclilea, and itself suggests the name of the Fm. 

 epitrochleare. 



In the normal position of the arm, the deep olecranon fossa 

 (Fig. 71) is uppermost with both man and cat. AVith the cat also, 

 the longer and more decided dorsal concavity of the bone as a 

 whole may be, though somewhat remotely, associated with the back 

 of a saddle horse. 



§ 381. The selected portions of the skeleton are here described 

 in the following order, which is mainly that of then- simplicity : — 



Scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpus, clavicula, sternum, 

 costse (ribs), pelvis, vertebrae, and skull. The other raembral bones 

 and the Os hyoides have been briefly described in §§ 220-224. 



THE SCAPULA (Fig. 30, 43, 44, 4o, 67, 74, 75). 



References.— Straus-Durcklieim, A, I, 507-509 ; Parker, A, 215, PI. xxx. ; Owen, A, 

 II, 488; Gray, A, 218-22:3; Qaain, A, I, 81 ; Chauveaii, A, 81 ; CLauveau (Fleming), A, 

 72 ; Flower, A, 221 and 229 ; Humphrey, A, 363-370 ; Mivart, B, 89-91 ; Lcyli, A, 170, 171. 



§ 382. General Description. — The scapula (shoulder blade or 

 blade bone) is a flat irregular bone imbedded in the muscles on the 

 lateral aspect of the cephalic region of tlie thorax (Fig. 30, 67, 74, 

 75), and articulating with the humerus to form the shoulder joint. 



As seen from its ental or ectal aspect (Fig. 43 and 44), the out- 



