174 AXATOinCAL TECHNOLOGY. 



A, IT, 492; Flower, A, 94; Huxley, B, 245; Morrell, A; Milne-Edwards, A, X, 306; 

 Gegeubaur, A, 463: Leyh, A, 132 ; Chauveau, A, 37 ; Chauveau (Fleming), A, 33 ; Parker 

 and Bettany, A ; Parker, 25 ; Turner, 4, 848-9 ; Huxley, 3, 238 ; Wyman, 76 : Cuvier, 



B, VII. 



§ 491. " The skull (Fig. 56-62) is the term commonly applied to 

 the portion of the axial [somatic] skeleton situated within the head." 

 It is a strong bony case or frame enclosing the brain and affording 

 support and protection to the organs of sight, smell, taste and 

 hearing. 



It consists of several irregular bones, most of which are immova- 

 bly united by sutures (synarthroses), so that their relative position, 

 and hence the form of the skull, are constant. 



In addition to the skull proper, there are articulated to its base 

 the mandible (Fig. 62) and the hyoid apparatus (Fig. 30, § 224). 



§ 492. Cranium and Face. — For convenience, anatomists have 

 divided the skull into these two regions. The cranium is the caudal 

 part of the skull ; it encloses and protects the brain. The face is 

 the cephalic part ; it surrounds the mouth and nasal passages, and, 

 with the cranium, completes the cavities for the eyes. Quain, A, I, 

 31, 74 ; Flower, A, 94, 102. 



The number of separable bones entering into the formation of the 

 skull varies with the age of the animal. The teeth are not included. 

 The bones given in the following tables and figures may be easily 

 demonstrated on the skull of a cat with milk teeth. 



§ 493. Sutures. — The sutures or lines of union between the 

 various bones of the skull have not all received special names, bat 

 all may be properly named by forming a compound term of the 

 names of the two bones united, as ; Sutura parieto-frontalis in- 

 stead of 8. Goronalis ; S. maxillo-prcemaxillaris, etc. Quain, A, I, 

 56, 68, 131. 



§ 494. Bones of the Skull. Modified from the Tables of Quain, 

 A, 74, and Flower, A, 104. (Fig. 56-62.) 



In the following Tables of the bones, the names in parenthesis beneath a given name 

 are synonyms; aud the names behind the small or secondary braces are the anthropo- 

 tomical equiralents of those in black letter behind the lar^e braces. 



The word Os (bone), or its equivalent 0., is to be understood before all the technical 

 names of the bones excepting Vomer aud Mandihula. 



