294 ANATOMICAL TECHNOLOGY. 



§ 754. Ren— Kidney (Fig. 77, 78, 85, 86, 101, 103, § 722).— Turn 

 the stomacli and the intestines to the right, and the left kidney will 

 be exposed. Remove any fat that can be removed without displac- 

 ing the kidney. Its lateral aspect is convex, while the mesal one 

 presents a deep concavity, the so called Mlum of the kidney. 



The right kidney is somewhat farther cephalad than the left, 

 thus differing from man. Only the ventral surface is covered with 

 peritoneum (Fig. 78) ; but the entire kidney is surrounded by a 

 special fibrous capsule or covering (Fig. 85j. 



Obvious Structure of the Kidney. — With a sharp scalpel, make a longitudinal dextro- 

 sinistral section of the kidney, removing the ventral three fifths. The appearance shown 

 in Fig. 86 will appear. 



The ureter (§ 756) commences as a funnel-shaped opening from the hollow or pelvic 

 part of the kidney (Fig. 85, 86). 



The solid part of the kidney is evidently composed of two portions — the ectal, periphe- 

 ral or cortical, and the e7ital, central or medullary portions. The cortical or peripheral 

 portion is granular and of a deep color, while the medullary portion is lighter in color, 

 smooth, compact, and of more or less triangular outline. The apex projects into the pelvis 

 of the kidney and is called the renal papilla. There are several in man, but only one in 

 the cat 



§ 755. Microscopic Structure. — (A) Tubuli uriniferi, or urinary tubules — tubes lined 

 with cells and forming the kidney substance proper. (B) Blood vessels and lymphatics. 

 (C) Nerves and connective tissue. 



In the medullary part of the kidney, the blood vessels and urinary tubules are mostly 

 straight in direction, while in the cortical portion they are looped or convoluted ; both 

 vessels and tubules are branched. The arteries form the so called glomeruli or Malpighian 

 corpuscles by a multiple knotting at their termination. See Strieker, A, 460 ; Quain, A, 

 II, 406. 



§ 756. Ureter.— Grasp the kidney with one hand and the uro- 

 cyst (Fig. 101) with the other. Draw the former cephalad and the 

 latter caudad. There will be seen, stretching betw^een the kidney 

 and the neck of the urocyst, a narrow tense band, more or less cov- 

 ered Avith fat. This band is the ureter, or duct conveying the urine 

 from the kidney to the urocyst. 



Sometimes one may inflate the urocyst by blowing into the renal 

 end of the ureter, but usually the ureter is too greatly contracted. 

 The tubular character of the latter may be easily demonstrated, 

 however, by using a beaded bristle (§ 136) or by commencing at the 

 kidney and slitting it with fine scissors. 



§ 757. Urocystis, vesica urinaria — Urinary bladder (Fig. 77, 

 101, § 718). — This is the receptacle for the urine. 



A, Ligamentum suspensorium. — Grasp the cephalic or larger 

 free end of the bladder and draw it ventro-caudad. A thin mem- 



