842 AKAT03IICAL TECHNOLOGY. 



The vagi {N. vagus) lie ventro-laterad of the oesophagus and dorsad of the roots of the 

 lungs. The phrenics [N. pTirenicus) lie just ventrad of the roots of the lungs, and at the 

 point of union of the ectal and ental laminae of the pericardium. The recurrent laryn- 

 geal nerves do not appear at these levels. 



The ductus thoracicas is represented by a circle just dorsad of the aorta ; its walls are 

 much thinner than here indicated, and are collapsed when the tube is empty. See Fig. 

 103, where, however, at this level, the duct is double. 



BLOOD VESSELS OF THE TEUNK. 



§ 912. Special Instruments and Material. — Arthrotome ; scalpel ; fine and coarse 

 scissors and forceps; tracer; nippers; injecting apparatus and material (§§ 130, 336). 



Arteries, References. — Quain, A, I, 343 ; Gray, A, 75 ; Cuvier, A, VI, 100 ; Gegen- 

 baur (Lankester), A, 585 ; Hyrtl, A, 643 ; Bernard, A, 244 ; Milne Edwards, A, III. 511 ; 

 Leyh, A, 566 ; Owen, A, III, 532 ; Chauveau, A, 545 ; Chauveau (Fleming), A, 515 ; Gurlt, 

 A, 555 ; Straus-Durckheim, B, II, 183. 



Veins, References. — Quain, A, I. 343 ; Gray, A, 564 ; Cuvier, A, VI, 226 ; Gegenbaur 

 (Lankester), A, 589 ; Hyrtl, A, 713 : Bernard, A, 244 ; Milne-Edwards, A, III, 570 ; Leyh, 

 A, 625 ; Owen, A, III, 549 ; Chauveau, A, 636 ; Chauveau (Fleming), A, 596 ; Gurlt, A, 656. 



§ 913. Preparation. — Liject the right V. jugularis externa with 

 tine blue mass (§§ 366 and 1450), and either the femoral artery or 

 the abdominal aorta with thin plaster (§§ 345, 352, 363). 



See especially § 596 (10) for the method of dissecting vessels and 

 nerves. Vessels when uninjected may be distinguished from nerves 

 or bu.ndles of connective tissue by cutting a slit in them and demon- 

 strating their tubular character with the tracer. 



Table of the Systemic Veins of the Trunk, and the Portal Veins 



(Fig. 101, 103, 107). 



The Table of Veins is like that of the Arteries (§ 916), inasmuch as the larger trunks 

 are placed first. It should be remembered, however, that the larger trunks are formed by 

 the smaller ones instead of dividing to give rise to the smaller ones, as with the arteries 

 (§ 819). 



§ 914. THORAX AND NECK. 

 VV. cardiacae (Fig. 91, § 887). 



,^ c^^c^^ ( V. azygOS (§ 920\ 



Praecava (^ 919) | y gtemalis (§ 933). 



f V. vcrtebralis (^ 923). 

 Vena brachio-cephalica (§ 922). | V. subclavia (§ 924). 



(The two brachio-cephalic veins \ ( V. jugularis interna, 



form the Prsecava) V. jugularis externa (§ 925). . < V. suprascapularis. 



[ ( V. radialis. 



