THE CRANIAL NERVES. 



505 



§ 1374. TABLE OF THE SFNONYMS OF THE CRANIAL NERVES. 



SOmmering. 



I... 



n.. 

 m. 



IV . 



v.. 



VI.. 



VII. 



VIII 



IX... 



X... 



XI.. 



XII. 



Technical names herein adopted. 



Olfactorii , 



Opticus 



Oculomotorius.. . . 



Troclilearis 



Trigeminus 



Abducens 



Facialis 



Auditorius 



Glossopharyngeus. 



Vagus 



Accessorius , 



Hypoglossus , 



Synonyms. 



Rhinencephalici. 



Motor oculi communis. 



Patlieticus 



Triiacialis 



Portio dura 



Portio mollis, Acusticus, 



Par vagum, pneumogastricus . 

 Accessorius spinalis 



Willis. 



I. 

 II. 



in. 



IV. 



V. 



VI. 



VII. 



VIII. 

 IX. 



§ 1375. Designation of the Cranial Nerves by Numbers.— 



Among the older anatomists ^as may be seen from Vicq cl'Azyr, A, 

 "Explication," 48-50), the cranial neiTes were variously enume- 

 rated. At the present day only two methods are commonly em- 

 ployed, those of Sommering and Willis. As indicated upon the 

 accompanying Table, the difference between these two concerns only 

 half of the twelve. The 7th and 8th of Sommering constitute the 

 Portio dura and the Portio mollis of Willis's 7th ; the 9th, 10th 

 and 11th of Sommering are included in the 8th of Willis, and the 

 12th of the former represents the 9th of the latter. 



Fortunately, the nei've most often concerned in medicine and 

 surgery is the 5th, the seat of toothache and most other forms of 

 facial neuralgia. Upon the whole, it would be better to abandon 

 the use of the numbers altogether and employ only the technical 

 names here given, with, perhaps, the substitution of the shorter 

 word acusticus for auditorius. Nevertheless, in the Descriptions 

 (§§ 1380-1391) and in the Table (p. 520), the numerical order is fol- 

 lowed for convenience of reference. 



§ 1376. Arrangement of the Cranial Nerves. — These nerves 

 have been variously classified in accordance with physiological or 

 morphological facts and theories. 



The following Table exhibits the provisional physiological 

 arrangement which was outlined by Wyman (34, 40) and has been 

 elaborated by Dalton (A, 447). 



