xiv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIG. PAGE 



335 Comparative diagrams of a crane-head and the liead of a femur 



(Culmann and H. Meyer) . . .... 682 



336. Diagram of stress-lines in the human foot (Sir D. MacAlister, after 



H. Meyer) 684 



337. Trabecular structure of the 05 cakis (do.) .... 685 



338. Diagram of shearing-stress in a loaded pillar ..... 686 



339. Diagrams of tied arch, and bowstring girder (Fidler) . . . 693 



340. 1. Diagrams of a bridge: shewing proposed span, the corresponding 



stress-diagram and reciprocal plan of construction (do.) . . 696 



342. A loaded bracket and its reciprocal construction-diagram (Culmann) . 697 



343, 4. A cantilever bridge, with its reciprocal diagrams (Fidler) . . 698 



345. A two -armed cantilever of the Forth Bridge (do.) .... 700 



346. A two-armed cantilever with load distributed over two pier-heads, 



as in the quadrupedal skeleton ...... 700 



347-9. Stress-diagrams, or diagrams of bending moments, in the backbones 



of the horse, of a Dinosaur, and of Titanotherium . . . 701-4 



350. The skeleton of Stegosaurus ... 707 



351. Bending-moments in a beam with fixed ends, to illustrate the 



mechanics of chevron-bones ....... 709 



352. 3. Coordinate diagrams of a circle, and its deformation into an 



eUipse 729 



354. Comparison, by means of Cartesian coordinates, of the cannon-bones 



of various ruminant animals ....... 729 



355, 6. Logarithmic coordinates, and the circle of Fig. 352 inscribed therein 729, 31 

 357, 8. Diagrams of oblique and radial coordinates ..... 731 



359. Lanceolate, ovate and cordate leaves, compared by the help of radial 



coordinates .......... 732 



360. A leaf of Begonia daedalea ........ 733 



361. A network of logarithmic spiral coordinates . . . . . 735 



362. 3. Feet of ox, sheep and giraffe, compared by means of Cartesian 



coordinates 738, 40 



364, 6. "Proportional diagrams" of human physiognomy (Albert Diirer) 740,2 



365. Median and lateral toes of a tapir, compared by means of rectangular 



and oblique coordinates ........ 741 



367, 8. A comparison of the copepods Oithona and Sapphirina . . 742 



369. The carapaces of certain crabs, Geryon, Corystes and others, compared 



by means of rectilinear and curvilinear coordinates . . 744 



370. A comparison of certain amphipods, Harpinia, Stegocephalus and 



Hyperia . 746 



371 The calycles of certain carapanularian zoophytes, inscribed in corre- 

 sponding Cartesian networks 747 



372. The calycles of certain species of Aglaophenia, similarly compared by 



means of curvilinear coordinates ...... 748 



373, 4. The fishes Argyropelecus and Sternoptyx, compared by means of 



rectangular and oblique coordinate systems . . . 748 



375, 6. Scarus and Pomacanthus, similarly compared by means of rect- 

 angular and coaxial systems ....... 749 



377-80. A comparison of the fishes Polyprion, Pseudopriacanthus, Scorpaena 



and Antigonia .......... 750 



