414 THE GEEMAN ARCTTO EXPEDITION. 



pliable, and crack in the frost) lined with flannel, stock- 

 ings soled ^ith flannel, were prepared, and every precau- 

 tion taken. 



Each man had two woollen shirts (the under one 

 having a piece of skin with the hair inside sewn to it), 

 trousers lined with fur, a thick vest with sleeves, two 

 pairs of woollen drawers, three pairs of warm stockings, 

 a water-tight sealskin coat — the hair outside, and by 

 many drawn over the head, with only the hole at the throat, 

 to keep out the wind and cold. Besides this, each wore 

 a knitted hood, fitting close, to which was fastened the 

 flannel mask, with small openings for the eyes and mouth, 

 and the nose protected ; over this a large fur hood, only 

 showing a small portion of the face ; a pair of knitted 

 woollen gloves, inside of which were fur gloves ; and, 

 lastly, a shawl — all this as protection against the cold. 



The clothing is provided with large sail-cloth pockets, 

 the one in the coat being always filled with cartridges. 

 Snow spectacles were worn on the march, those of a 

 smoky grey colour being the best.^ Our tent was of 

 light sail-cloth, the weight of which we had brought down 

 to forty pounds, and was quite filled with the general 

 sleeping-sack of sheepskin. For preparing our meals 

 we had a cooking apparatus and a saucepan, with sixty 

 bottles of spirit as fuel, — wood or coal being too heavy. 



The necessary quantity of provisions for each week 

 was divided into sacks, each containing coffee, chocolate, 

 boiled beef, ham, butter, suet, salt, dry black bread, 



^ Snow spectacles, on account of their fragility and metal mountings, 

 are particularlj'^ nndesirable, as in intense cold they burn the skin. 

 Spectacles of india-i'Mhher avc found the best, completely enclosing the 

 eye, which is pi'otcctcd b^y very fine wire gauze. — Bortjen. 



