BRANCHES — BRANCHIAL NERVES OF FISHES 143 



ently running proximally along the branch of the palatinus 

 faciahs to enter the gangUon formed on the root of the latter 

 nerve. The other part of the ramus pharyngeus runs forward 

 and anastomoses in large part with branches of the main ramus 

 palatinus facialis which are given off after that nerve issues 

 from its foramen. The first-mentioned one of these two parts 

 of the ramus pharyngeus glossopharyngei would thus seem to 

 be in part a communicating branch between the ganglia of the 

 glossopharyngeus and facialis nerves, and is apparently the so- 

 called Jacobson's anastomosis of the Teleostei. From it a 

 branch is given off which unites with a branch that arises from 

 the base of the ramus pharyngeus, the nerve so formed running 

 downward along the anterior edge of the internal surface of the 

 hyomandibula, and, near the distal end of that element, turning 

 downward across the internal (morphologically posterior) sur- 

 face of the symplectic of Bridge's ('79) descriptions and then 

 forward along the dorsal, and hence morphologically internal, 

 edge of the ceratohyal, this nerve thus being the ramus pre- 

 trematicus internus glossopharyngei. From the base of the 

 ramus pharyngeus a nerve is given off which runs outward to 

 the internal surface of the musculus retractor hyomandibularis of 

 Danforth's ('13) descriptions, and there turns downward and 

 backward along that surface of that muscle, lying approximately 

 internal to the dorsoposterior edge of the hyomandibula. At 

 the distal end of the hyomandibula it closely approaches the 

 ramus hyoideus facialis and then turns downward along the 

 internal (morphologically posterior) surface of the interhyal 

 and then forward along the internal (posterior) surface of the 

 ceratohyal. This branch of the glossopharyngeus is thus a 

 ramus pretrematicus externus, and its relations to the hyo- 

 mandibula are in accord with my conclusion (Allis, '18) that that 

 cartilage is a branchial-ray bar, and not an element of the bran- 

 chial bar of the hyal arch. Seven other nerves arise from the 

 glossopharyngeus ganglion, in the one adult specimen examined, 

 all but two of them uniting to form a ramus posttrematicus 

 anticus, the other two being the rami medius and posticus 

 posttrematicus. The ramus posticus contains all the motor 



