142 ROY L. MOODIE 
of the sensory (lateral line) grooves which he refers to as ‘ cutane- 
ous sense organs’ (loc. cit., p. 356, fig. 236.). He says: ‘The 
prevailing position of the lateral line organs on the neural sur- 
face of the head, where they are out of touch with the food or 
surrounding objects, is only intelligible on the assumption that 
they represent the remnants of the gustatory and tactile organs 
that were located on the neural surface of the head, in their 
arachnid-like ancestors”’ (loc. cit., p. 358). 
V. THE BRAIN AND EAR OF RHADINICHTHYS, A MISSISSIPPIAN 
GANOID Sy 
The fish-bearing nodules described by Eastman (’08) from 
the base of the Waverly (Mississippian) of Boyle County, 
Kentucky, are entirely similar to those described below from the 
Coal Measures of Kansas. Doctor Eastman has very kindly 
sent me the original photographs of the nodules (fig. 3) in which 
the brains are preserved, from which the line drawing (fig. 4) 
is prepared. The anatomy of the brain of Rhadinichthys is 
quite similar to that of the fishes from the Kansas Coal 
Measures as may be seen by reference to the figure (fig. 4). 
Eastman says (08, p. 267) in regard to his discovery: ‘‘An 
entirely new chapter in the anatomy of extinct animals is opened 
by the discovery of the actual phosphatized brain, internal ear, 
and blood vessels of a Paleozoic vertebrate, such as are clearly 
revealed by the contents of these fish-bearing nodules from the 
base of the Waverly in Kentucky.” 
The similarity in structure between the brain of Rhadinichthys 
and that of the undetermined fish from the Coal Measures of 
Kansas is very striking. The optic lobes in both are very large, 
and the general proportions are very similar. The median 
portion of the Mississippian specimen is broken so as to obscure 
that portion of the lobe, and to leave it uncertain as to the 
presence of the median elevation which is so well shown in the 
Coal, Measures fish (fig. 15). The lateral cerebellar lobes are 
almost precisely the same in appearance and location and in 
the Mississippian fish are well preserved. The median ends of 
the lobes are more nearly approximated than are the same por- 
