146 ROY L. MOODIE 
VI. THE BRAIN .FROM THE COAL MEASURES 
Aside from the discovery of fossil brains reported below, noth- 
ing is known of the neural anatomy of the vertebrates from that 
great series of strata known collectively as the Coal Measures 
(Pennsylvanian). Among the Amphibia of that series the author 
has described the complete alimentary canal of three specimens 
of Eumicrerpeton parvum, a small salamander from the Coal 
Measures of Illinois!® and muscle fibers of another species, Tudi- 
tanus walcotti!! a microsaurian from the Coal Measures in Ohio. 
Among the fishes many authors have recorded their observations 
of body outlines” and other firmer structures. 
The specimens, among which are found the little fish brains, 
were collected in shales just above the Kickapoo limestone in 
the Coal Measures one mile east of Lawrence, Kansas, by Doctor 
W. H. Twenhofel and Carl O. Dunbar of the University of Kan- 
sas, to whom I am indebted for the privilege of studying these 
interesting remains. They have recently'® described this de- 
posit in some detail on account of its interest from a geological 
standpoint. The writer has had in his possession for some 
years similar nodules collected in shales near Baldwin, Kansas. 
When these nodules were first examined the thought occurred that 
they contained fossil brains, but since they were not known to 
be such and since the material was rather fragmentary they 
were not described. A re-examination indicates a great similarity 
to those described below. Remains of the ear, arteries, or veins, 
brain structures and other points of interest are to be seen in 
these nodules. The brain structures indicate a fish like the larger 
ones from near Lawrence. The specimens are, however, much 
more poorly preserved than are the ones figured herewith. The 
objects, presently to be described, are all encased in small phos- 
phatic nodules, few of them measuring over | inch in diameter. 
The fossils have formed a plane of weakness along which the 
10 Amer. Nat’!, 1910, vol. 44, p. 367; Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., 1913, vol. 6, 
MO. 2) \PlSeid..05)02 ; 
11 Proc. U. S. Nat’] Museum, vol. 37, p. 16, pl. 7. 
122 Hastman, C. R. 1902. Journ. Geol., vol. 10, p. 538, with figures. 
13 Amer. Journ. Science, vol. 37, August, 1914, p. 157. 
