A FISH BRAIN FROM THE COAL MEASURES 163 
pares brain of this bird with that of recent birds. Brain in extinct 
form about one-fifth length of the skull, proportionately smaller than 
in modern birds with larger optic lobes. 
1881 Spinal cord, pelvis, and limbs of Stegosaurus. Amer. Journ. 
Sei., vol. 21, p. 167, pl. 6: Ibid, vol. 19, p. 253, March, 1880. Sacral 
intumesence has cavity with ten times the capacity of the brain case. 
1885 On the size of the brain in extinct animals. Nature, vol. 32, 
p. 562. States general law of brain development; gradual increase in 
the size, especially of the cerebrum, of the Tertiary Mammalia. The 
brain of the large Eocene mammals was very small. 
1886 Brain of the Dinocerata. Monograph X, U. S. Geol. Surv., 
pp. 53-67, figs. 57-88, pl. 6. Diseusses the very small brain of these 
gigantic mammals and compares by figures with other extinct species. 
1893 The skull and brain of Claosaurus. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 45, 
Jan., pp. 838-86, pls. 4-5. The brain is elongate, the hypophysis large 
and in size the brain is very small as compared with the skull. 
1896 Brain casts in dinosaurs. In “Dinosaurs of North America,’’ 
pls. 76-77 and text fig. 34. A résumé of all work previously done on 
dural casts of American dinosaurs. Figures casts of brain cavity of 
seven genera of dinosaurs and compares them with the dural cast of 
the alligator. 
voN Meyer, Hermann 1865 Fossiles Gehirn von einem Siugethier aus der 
Nieder-Rheinischer Braunkohle. Paleontographica, Bd. 14, p. 37, 
pl. 10. Excellent brain cast of a carnivore commented on and beauti- 
fully figured, but with no attempt at interpretation. 
Moopirn, Roy L. 1911 A contribution to the soft anatomy of eretaceous fishes. 
IKkans. Univ. Sei. Bull., vol. 5, no. 15, Bibliography. The chief papers 
on the soft anatomy of fossil vertebrates are noted in the bibliography. 
Newton, E. T. 1888 On the skull, brain and auditory organ of a new species 
of pterosaurian (Scaphognathus purdoni) from the Upper Lias near 
Whitby, Yorkshire. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. 179 (B), 
p. 503, pls.; same in: Proc. Royal Soc. London, vol. 43, p. 436. Sides 
of brain case ossified but open in front, brain very small, large optic 
lobe and well-preserved flocculus with a portion of the semicircular 
canals of the ear. Cerebrum large and smooth, bird-like; olfactory 
stalk small. Brain compared by figures with brains of Cretaceous 
bird, lizard, and recent bird. 
Ossorn, H. F. 1910 Brain casts. In “‘Age of mammals,” p. 173. Figures 
brain proportions in archaic and modern mammals. 
1912. Crania of Tyrannosaurus and Allosaurus. Mem. Amer. Mus. 
Natl. Hist., N.S., Vol. I, Pt. II, p. 21, pls. 3-4, fig. 17. Figures dural 
casts of Tyrannosaurus and Diplodocus, and discusses nature of dural 
casts. The most careful account of dinosaur brain casts which has 
yet appeared. 
Patmer, R. W. 1913 The brain and brain-case of a fossil ungulate of the 
genus Anoplotherium. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, Pt. IV, pp. 878-893, 
with 8 figures. A very careful study of the brain and brain-case of 
an early Eocene ungulate which is of interest in that the cerebellun 
is very large and the cerebral convolutions well marked. 
