CHAP, v.] GEyEEAL CONCLUSIONS. 265 



heated water, occupying depths between 400 and 1000 fathoms. 

 This condition continued up to the Ishind of Madeira ; we had 

 ah-eady established that it extends as far north as the Bay of 

 Biscay. 



South of Madeira, the deep warm band steadily narrowed 

 up to the Cape Verde Islands ; and after we passed the Bijouga 

 Islands, and were in the full tide of the Guinea Current, the 

 isothermobaths had gathered up to the surface, the line of 5° 

 C. being at 300 fathoms, and reducing the warm water to a 

 mere superficial layer. The next section, from Station CII. to 

 Pernambuco (Plate XXIL), was nearly equatorial, and the same 

 singular condition was maintained throughout — an exceedingly 

 rapid fall for the first 300 fathoms to a temperature of about 

 5° C, with an underlying mass of cold water of vast thickness. 



Shortly after leaving Bahia, we crossed the warm surface- 

 water of the Brazil Cun-ent ; and as the first part of our course, 

 as far as Tristan d'Acunha, then lay in a south-easterly direc- 

 tion, the surface -temperature of course steadily declined, the 

 isothermobaths between 10° and 4° C. maintaining their pre- 

 vious course, crowded together between the depths of 100 and 

 400 fathoms (Plate XXYIIL). From Tristan d'Acunha the 

 temperature for the first 600 fathoms remained very uniform 

 in its rate of cooling until we were within little more than 

 twenty miles of the Cape of Good Hope, when a sudden rise 

 in all the higher temperatures told us that we had entered the 

 westward loop of the Agulhas Current, 



In the southern summer of 1876, on our course from Monte- 

 video to Tristan d'Acunha, for the first 900 miles we traversed 

 the southern extension of the Brazil Current, which depressed 

 the isothermobaths of 15° C. to a depth of nearly 200 fath- 

 oms, with some cool interdigitations (Plate XXXYII.), and 

 the temperature remained very equable for the remainder of 

 the section, the spaces between the higher isothermobaths wid- 

 ening a little to the eastward. On the meridional section, from 

 IL— 18 



