INDEX. 



339 



Soiners, Admiral Sir George, wrecked at 

 Bermudas (1609), i., 273; his death 

 there, 274. 



Sounding- machines, "Hydra" and Bail- 

 lie, i., 60, 61; "Valve" sounding-lead, 

 62. 



Sounding on board the " Challenger," 

 mode of, i., 66, 168. 



Soundings, temperature. (See Tempera- 

 ture.) 



Spatangus purpureus, i., 271. 



Specific gravity of the water of the Atlan- 

 tic; mode of determination on board 

 the "Challenger," i., 55; ii., 303; Ta- 

 bles of Specific Gravities : Teneriffe to 

 Sombrero, i., 237 ; between St. Thomas, 

 Bermudas, and Halifax, 378 ; Bermu- 

 das to Madeira, ii., 60 ; Madeira to Ba- 

 hia, 119; Bahia to the Cape, 174; Falk- 

 land Islands to Portsmouth, 239. 



Spitzbergen Current, ii., 280. 



Sponges in the Atlantic, ii., 284, 293 ; Hex- 

 actinellidse, Eupledella, i., 135, 141 ; Hy- 

 alonema, 141, 257 ; PoUopogon amadou 

 (new), 171; Esperiadfe, 186; West In- 

 dian, 240 ; of Bermudas, 284, 306 ; Le- 

 froyella decora^ 374, 375. 



Springs, boiling, San Miguel, ii., 43. 



Stalactites and stalagmites, i., 305-311. 



Stalagmite ceilings and stalactite columns 

 of caves in Bermudas, i., 301 ; great 

 stalagmite from the Walsingham cave, 

 303. 



Stalked crinoids. (See Crinoids.) 



Stanley Harbor and Town, J'alkland Isl- 

 ands, ii., 177, 178, 198, 194. 



Star-fishes, i., 240, 351 ; ii., 203, 205. 



Steam-pinnace, the " Challenger's," i., 70. 



/Sterna fidigiiwsa, "wide-awake," ii., 227. 



JSterna atoUda, "noddy," ii., 95. 



Sternoptychida?, ii., 10. 



Stevenson, Thomas, C.E., mean thermome- 

 ter for changes of temperature, i., 157, 

 162 ; table of its indications, 162. 



Stirling, Dr. William, D.Sc, M.B., his ap- 

 pointment as naturalist, i., 80 ; his res- 

 ignation, 99. 



Stifling, Rev. Dr., Bishop of Falkland Isl- 

 ands, ii., 183. 



Stokes, William, killed by an accident to 

 the dredge, i., 261. 



Stoltenhoff, Frederick and Gustav, tlieir 

 occupation of Inaccessible Island, ii., 

 150-162. 



"Stone rivers," Falkland Islands, ii., 212- 

 215. 



" Stop-cock water-bottle," used in the ex- 

 pedition, i., 51-53, 178, 180. 



Strait of Magellan, ii., 176. 



S/i/?asfn; i., 240. 

 Sfi/liola,l, 126. 

 Submarine telegraphs, deep-sea soundings 



in connection with, i., 17. 

 Sula fiisca, "booby," ii., 95. 

 Sunrise in Brazil, ii., 124. 

 Surface-currents, i., 335. 

 Swamp vegetation, Bermudas, i., 314, 315. 

 Svenite bowlder raised with the dredge, 

 " i., 355. 



T. 



Tables of carbonic acid in water of tlie 

 Atlantic, ii., 310, 327 ; of air and water 

 temperature (see Temperature) ; of 

 specific gravity (see Specific Gravity); 

 of deep-sea fauna at different stations, 

 285-289; of marine animals at depths 

 below 2000 fathoms, 328, 329 ; tables 

 of temperature explained, 262. 



Taylor, Rev. W. F.,his account of Tristan 

 d'Acunha, ii., 136-138. 



Telegraphs, submarine, deep-sea soundings 

 in connection with, i., 17. 



Temperature, air; May to October, 1873, 

 i., 162; at Bermudas, 1855 to 1873,328 ; 

 tables of, in crossing and recrossing the 

 Gulf-stream, 379. 



Temperature of the water of the Atlantic : 

 General conclusions, ii., 257 ; Diagrams, 

 constructed from serial soundings, i., 

 231, 342, 349; ii., 10, 19, 56, 130, 272, 

 277 ; showing the efPect of a " continu- 

 ous barrier," 277 ; Curves constructed 

 from serial and bottom soundings, i., 

 227, 267, 347, 362, 366; ii., 54, 263. 

 Tables: Portsmouth to Teneriffe, i., 

 160; Teneriffe to Sombrero, 235; be- 

 tween St. Thomas, Bermudas, and Hal- 

 ifax, 376, 377 ; Bermudas to Madeira, 

 ii., 58, 59; Madeira to Bahia, 116, 117, 

 118 ; Bahia to the Cape of Good Hope, 

 172, 173; Falkland Islands to Tristan 

 d'Acunha, 234 ; Tristan d'Acunha to 

 the Azores, 236 ; North and South At- 

 lantic, 1876, 238. 



Temperature of the deep sea, as shown 

 by the " Lightning" expedition, i., 21. 



Tern (Tristan d'Acunha Islands), ii., 162. 



T/udassidroma pelagica, i., 192. 



Thermometers, registering, i., 21, 156, 225, 

 229 ; ii., 259, 304 ; instruments broken 

 in deep sounding at Bermudas, i., 263. 



Thomson, Sir C. Wyville, LL.D., F.R.S., 

 appointed director of the civilian scien- 

 tific staff of the "Challenger," i., 26, 80, 

 98 ; new species named by him, 139, 143, 

 147, 171, 220, 258, 259, 260, 261, 350, 

 351, 362, 353, 354, 369, 370, 372, 373, 



