CHAP. I.] THE EQUIPMENT OF THE SHIP. 93 
3. Attention should be given to the esculent and medicinal substances 
used in various places. Specimens should be obtained, and whenever 
possible they should be accompanied by complete specimens of the 
plants from which such substances are obtained. 
4, The common weeds and ruderal plants growing about ports or 
landing-places should not be overlooked, and, as far as practicable, trust- 
worthy information should be recorded as to the date and circumstances 
of the introduction of foreign species. 
5. The distribution of marine phanerogamic plants (Zostera, Cymo- 
docea, etc.) should also be noted, and specimens preserved, with their 
latitude and longitude. Their buds and parts of fructification should 
be put into spirit. 
6. The flowers of Loranthacew and Santalacew should be preserved 
in spirit, and also dried to exhibit general habit. 
7. The inflorescence of Aroids should be dissected when fresh, or 
put into spirit. Note the placentation and position of the ovules. 
8. Devote especial attention to the study of Screw-pines and Palms 
when opportunity arises, even if necessary to the neglect of other 
things. The general habit of the plants should be sketched; the male 
and female inflorescence should be preserved, and also the fruit; the 
foliage should be dried and folded, and packed in boxes. Many fleshy 
vegetable objects may be “killed” by a longer or shorter immersion 
in spirit. They then dry up without decaying, and form useful speci- 
mens. 
9. With respect to Palms, further note the height, position of the 
spadix, and preponderance of the sexes in both monecious and diw- 
cious species, also form and dimensions of leaves. 
10. Surface-driftings should be examined, and any seeds or fragments 
of land-plants carefully noted when determinable, with direction of eur- 
rents and latitude and longitude. 
11. Facts are also required as to the part played by icebergs in plant- 
distribution. If any opportunity occurs for their examination, it would 
be desirable to preserve and note any vegetable material which might 
be found upon their surface; also to examine any rock-fragments for 
lichens. 
12. Kerns.—Ferns should always, when possible, be obtained with 
fructification. In the case of tree-ferns, our knowledge of which, from 
the imperfection of material for description, is very defective, a portion 
of the stem sufficient to illustrate its structure should be obtained, with 
1L—% 
