112 THE ATLANTIC. [cuap. 1. 
CHAPTER. If 
FROM PORTSMOUTH TO TENERIFFE. 
Departure from England.—Rough Weather in the Channel.—Lisbon.—Trawling in 
Deep Water.—Deep-water Fishes. 
Surface Animals.—Gibraltar.— Cystosoma 
Neptuni.— Venus’s Flower -basket.— Naresia cyathus.—The “ Clustered Sea- 
polyp.” —Madeira.—Temperature Observations.—Meteorological Observations.— 
Teneriffe. 
Appenpix A.—Particulars of Depth, Temperature, and Position at the Sounding Sta- 
tions between Portsmouth and Teneriffe ; Temperatures corrected for pressure. 
AppEeNDIxX B.— Comparative Table of the Indications of Stevenson’s Mean Ther- 
mometers, and the ordinary Maximum and Minimum Thermometers in Air, for 
the six months from the 1st of May to the 31st of October, 1878. 
We were well aware that we had many difficulties to con- 
tend with before we could get so complicated a system into full 
working order. There seemed, at first, to be special difficulty 
in dredging and taking deep-sea observations from so large a 
ship. The roll of the ship, her height above the water, and her 
want of flexibility of movement when compared with vessels 
which had previously been used for the purpose, raised new 
questions as to methods of working which it would require 
some time to settle, and it would likewise take some time be- 
fore each of us fell into his place and laid out a line for him- 
self, as part of a general programme. We therefore determined, 
very early in the cruise, to consider every thing done during 
the voyage from England to the Canary Islands as tentative 
and introductory, and to regard the first section across the At- 
lantic, from Teneriffe to the West Indies, as the commencement 
of the true work of the expedition. 
December 30th.—In the forenoon, the weather was much 
more moderate, and the first sounding was taken off the en- 
trance of Vigo Bay at a depth of 1125 fathoms, with a bottom 
