CHAP. II.] TENERIFFE TO SOMBRERO. 201 
that certain foraminifera were surface animals, in opposition to 
Dr. Carpenter and myself.* I had formed and expressed a very 
strong opinion on the matter. It seemed to me that the evi- 
dence was conclusive that the foraminifera which formed the 
globigerina ooze lived on the bottom, and that the occurrence 
of individuals on the surface was accidental and exceptional ; 
but after going into the thing carefully, and considering the 
mass of evidence which has been accumulated by Mr. Murray, 
I now admit that I was in error; and I agree with him that it 
may be taken as proved, that all the materials of such deposits 
(with the exception, of course, of the remains of animals which 
we now know to live at the bottom at all depths, and which oc- 
cur in the deposit as foreign bodies) are derived from the sur- 
face. 
Mr. Murray has combined with a careful examination of the 
soundings a constant use of the tow-net, usually at the surface, 
but also at depths from ten to a thousand fathoms; and he 
finds the closest relation to exist between the surface fauna of 
any particular locality and the deposit which is taking place at 
the bottom. In all seas, from the equator to the polar ice, the 
tow-net contains Globigerine. They are more abundant, and 
of a larger size, in warmer seas: several varieties attaining a 
large size, and presenting marked varietal characters, are found 
in the intertropical area of the Atlantic. In the latitude of 
Kerguelen they are less numerous and smaller, while farther 
south they are still more dwarfed; and only one variety, the 
typical Globigerina bulloides, is represented. The living GJo- 
bigerine from the tow-net are singularly different in appear- 
ance from the dead shells we find at the bottom (Fig. 46). The 
* “Mr, Jeffreys desires to record his dissent from this conclusion, since (from his 
own observations, as well as those of Major Owen and Lieutenant Palmer) he be- 
lieves Globigerina to be exclusively an Oceanic Foraminifer inhabiting only the su- 
perficial stratum of the sea.”’—Preliminary Report of the Scientific Exploration of the 
Deep Sea,‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,” No. 121, page 443. 
