332 ’ THE ATLANTIC. [CHAP. v. 
CHAPTER V. 
THE GULF-STREAM. 
Departure from Bermudas.—Sounding and Dredging near the Islands.—Madracis as- 
perula.—The Determination of Surface and Deep Currents.—Difficulty and Un- 
certainty of our Present Method of Observation.—The Current-drag.—Sounding 
in the Gulf-stream in Rough Weather.—The Temperature of the Stream,—Aceste 
bellidifera.—Porcellanaster ceruleus.—Aérope rostrata—Dredgea a Huge Syenite 
Bowlder.—Le Have Bank.— Mirage. — Halifax.— Ice -markings.— Recross the 
Gulf-stream.— General Considerations. —Comparison between the Gulf- stream 
and the Japan Current.—Calymne relicta.— Ophioglypha bullata.—Lefroyella de- 
cora.—Return to Bermudas. 
Appenprx A.—Table of Serial Temperature Soundings taken between St. Thomas, 
Bermudas, and Halifax. 
AppenpDix B.—Table of the Bottom Temperatures taken between St. Thomas, Ber- 
mudas, and Halifax. 
Appennix C.—Snecific Gravity Observations taken betweeen St. Thomas, Bermudas, 
and Halifax. 
Appenprx D.—Table of Meteorological Observations made in crossing and recross- 
ing the Gulf-stream. 
As I have already mentioned, toward the end of April we 
left Bermudas for a time, crossing the Gulf-stream to the 
neighborhood of Sandy Hook. We coursed along the outer 
edge of the Fishing Banks to Halifax, where we remained ten 
days; and then we ran another section across the Gulf-stream 
in a southwardly direction, and returned to Bermudas on the 
31st of May. Besides the very important one of getting braced 
up by a little cold weather before our long cruise in the tropics, 
our chief object in taking this trip was to see for ourselves the 
wonderful ocean-river which had excited so much admiration 
and interest, and given rise to so much controversy. We did not 
anticipate being able, in the short time at our disposal, to aid in 
throwing any additional light upon a phenomenon which has 
