360 THE ATLANTIC. (CHAP. Vv. 
and large Pycnogontp. Mollusca were more numerous than 
usual, doubtless on account of the small depth, including spe- 
cies of the genera Sepiola, Pusus, Buccinum, Trophon, Yoldia, 
Astarte, Arca, ete. The annelids were represented by a large 
form allied to Aphrodita, which was in great numbers, Onuphis, 
Sabella, and others; and the echinoderms, which as usual were 
abundant and prominent, by fine species of the genera Astrogo- 
nium and Archaster ; a few urchins, including 7ripylus fra- 
gilis; and many of a small Psolus, probably P. squamatus, 
Mitier. A series of soundings were taken at every 20 fathoms 
from the surface. 
Surhacewaen creer te 2 1. 60 fathoms! 2... ce 0. senate 
PO MPATMOMSY= let, © resco s a2 83 ss Be haiae ero Pie 
40 He DR ich tee STD: 
which showed that the minimum temperature of 1°-75 C. was 
reached at a depth between 20 and 40 fathoms. 
We sounded and trawled again on the following day in 1250 
fathoms with a bottom of gray ooze, and a bottom temperature 
of 2°-7 C. Again echinoderms, including Antedon, Brisinga, 
Archaster, and Ophiomusium predominated; but we had in 
addition some good corals, and among them some specimens of 
Caryophyllia borealis of an unusually large size. Sticking all 
over the outside of the bag, there were many examples of a 
small Holothurian, with an outer wall so delicate that in almost 
every case the intestine, which was loaded with ooze, had bro- 
ken through it and destroyed the specimen. 
The depth on the 22d was 2020 fathoms, and the bottom an 
impure globigerina ooze. Serial temperatures were taken (Ap- 
pendix A), and we essayed to dredge, but the dredge-rope parted 
at 1700 fathoms without any apparent cause. There was now 
a very decided rise in the surface temperature as we approached 
the northern borders of the Gulf-stream. 
Next day we sounded in 2800 fathoms. We took a series of 
temperature soundings, but a very heavy swell from the south- 
