356 



THE COLOUES OF ANIMALS 



PIE 



Pieris napi, female more beautiful 

 than male, 292, 203 



— rajJCB, colours of pupa of, 113- 

 115 ; experiments on colours of 

 pupa of, 140-142 ; female more 

 beautiful than male, 292, 293 



Pigeons, eggs of, 61, 62 ; especially 

 brilliant when enemies scarce, 

 312 



Pigmentary colours, 11 



Pigments, 1 



Pisa, 78, 79 



Plaice, incapable of changing colour 

 when blind, 86 



Pleuroiiectidce, colours of, 68 



Pcecilocampa populi, larva of, 35 



Poikilothermic animals, 18, 100 



Pollack, experiments with, 200, 

 201 



Polycirrus aurantiacus, Warning 

 Colours of tentacles, 200, 201 



Polyommatus, apparent head at 

 wrong end of body, 208, 209 



Poplar Kitten, 315 



Porthesia {Lipai-is) auriflua, ex- 

 periments on colours of cocoon 

 of, 146 ; defensive glands of 

 larva of, 171 ; irritating hairs of 

 larva of, 172 ; Mimicry of, 241- 

 243 



Portuguese man-of-war, colour of, 2 



Powder, white appearance of, 4 



Prismatic colours, 10, 11 



Privet Hawk Moth, change in colour 

 of larva of, 42, 43, 45, 93; ex- 

 periments on colours of larva of, 

 149 



Procryptic Colours, 336, 337, 338 



Protective Mimicry, 20, 216-266; 

 distinguished from Protective 

 Eesemblance, 71, 223 ; history 

 of, 216-218 ; relation to evolu- 

 tion, 218-220, 253-255 ; relation 

 to Warning Colours, 220-223; 

 in Lepidoptera, 225-244 ; Hy- 

 menoptera as models for Mimi- 

 cry, 245-253, 255-257 ; spiders 

 mimicked by ants, 255-257 ; 



RAZ 



Vertebrata mimicked by insects, 

 257-264; in Vertebrata, 265; 

 two classes of, 265, 266 



Protective Kesemblances, and 

 Aggressive, 19, 20, 24-158, 336, 

 338 ; in Lepidoptera, 24-58 ; in 

 other insects and spiders, 58, 59 ; 

 in Vertebrata, 60-69 ; in marine 

 animals, 69-71 ; Adventitious, 76 

 -80 ; Variable (see Variable Pro- 

 tective Eesemblance) ; General 

 and Special, 24-26, 42; objec- 

 tions to, answered, 40, 41 ; 

 changes in, corresponding to 

 changes in surroundings, 42-46 ; 

 distinguished from Protective 

 Mimicry, 71, 223; contrasted 

 with Warning Colours, 159, 

 160 



Proteus, explanation of light colour 

 of, 90, 91 ; sensitive to light, 91 



Pseudaposematic Colours, 337, 338, 

 339 



Pseudepisematic Colours, 337, 338, 

 339 



Pseudosematic Colours, 336, 338 



Psilura luonacha, 35 



Psithyrus, Aggressive Mimicry of, 

 267 



PsychidcB, cases of larvae, 76 ; de- 

 generation of female, 295, 296 



Puffin, egg of, 63 



Purple Emperor Butterfly, pupa of, 

 37, 38 



Puss Moth, see Ceru7-a vinula 



Pygcera bticephala, Protective Ee- 

 semblance of moth, 57 ; Warn- 

 ing Colours of larva of, 169, 170 ; 

 compared with defence of imago 

 of, 176 



RABBIT, use of white tail of, 

 211, 212 

 Rana temporaria, power of chan- 

 ging colour, 83 

 Eattle-snake, warning sound of, 



163 

 Eazor-bill, egg of, 63 



