358 



THE COLOURS OF ANIMALS 



SME 



Smerinthus ocellafns, larva and 

 eggs of, coloured by chlorophyll, 

 80 ; experiments on colours of 

 larva of, 147-149, 157 



— tilicB, experiments on colours 

 of larva of, 149 



Snakes, colours of, 25 ; Protective 

 Eesemblance in, 60 ; Aggressive 

 Resemblance in, 72 ; especially 

 fond of Tree Frogs, 109 ; Warn- 

 ing Colours in, 163, 164 ; as 

 models for Mimicry, 257-265 ; 

 pursuing lizards, 261, 262; 

 Mimicry of, 265 



Snow Bird, colour not changed in 

 mild winter, 106 



Snow, cause of whiteness, 5 



Soap-bubble, cause of colours, 7, 8 



' Soldiers and sailors,' Warning 

 Colours of, 177 



Sole, colour of, 68 



Song, beauty of, unnecessary for 

 •recognition, 319, 320 



Sparrow, frightened by Chcero- 

 canipa, 260 



— Hawk, change in colour of 

 feathers, 105, 106 



Special Resemblance, 20, 24-26 

 Sjphecia apifortiiis. Mimicry of, 

 246, 247 



— bembeciformis, Mimicry of, 246- 

 248 



Sphinx convoIvuU, dimorphism in 

 larva of, 47, 48 ; experiments on 

 colours of larva of, 157 



Sphinx ligustri, larva of, 42, 43, 

 45 ; change in colour of larva 

 of, 93 ; experiments on colours 

 of larva of, 149 



Spiders, Protective Resemblance 

 of, 59 ; Alluring Colouration of, 

 75 ; refusing to eat conspicuous 

 caterpillars, 168, 169, 181 ; do 

 not attack Heliconidcs, 228 ; 

 exception to this, 229 ; mimick- 

 ing ants, 255-257; Aggressive 

 Mimicry of, 266, 268 ; as model 

 for Mimicry, 279, 280; court- 



SYN 



ship of, 297-305; battles be- 

 tween males, 310 



Spilosoma mcnthastri, as probable 

 model for Mimicry, 240 



Sponges, Warning Colours of, 166 ; 

 associated with Crustacea, 203, 

 204 ; extremely repugnant to 

 fish, 203, 204 



Spotted fiy-catcher, egg of, 65 



— Bower-bird, habits of, 320 

 Squirrel, a use of bushy tail of, 209 

 Stauropiis fagi, concealment of 



larva of, 278 ; terrifying attitude 

 of larva, of, 279, 280; enemies 

 alarmed by, 280, 281 ; deceptive 

 appearance of ichneumon sting 

 upon, 281, 282; frequent failure 

 of defence, 282, 283 



Stenopus, use of ' tail ' of, 210 



Stenorhynchus, 78, 79 



Stilpnotia salicis, as model for 

 Mimicry, 241-243 



Stoat, winter change of colour in, 

 101, 102 



Straw Belle, larva of, 34 



Structural colours, 11 



Siiberites domuncula, associated 

 with Pagurus cuayiensis, 203 



Summary and Classification, 336- 

 339 



Swallow Prominent, 315 



Swallow-tailed Butterfly, colours 

 of pupa of, 113, 114, 118 ; ex- 

 periments on pupa of, 139 



— butterflies, experiments on 

 pupjB of, 115-118, 139 ; Mimi- 

 cry in African species, 216, 217, 

 234-238 ; mimicking in S. 

 American species, 232, 239; 

 as models for Mimicry, 234 ; 

 Mimicry in Asiatic species, 234, 

 239 



— Moth, larva of, 27 ; Variable 

 Protective Resemblance in pupa 

 of. 111, 112 ; cocoon of, 112 



Synageles picata, Mimicry of, 256, 

 257, 268 ; courtship of, 301, 806, 

 311 



