360 



THE COLOURS OF ANIMALS 



VER 



in insects, 110-158 ; in chrysa- 

 lides, 111-142 ; in cocoons, 142- 

 146 ; in caterpillars, 146-153 ; 

 probable, in certain moths ; 157, 

 158 ; differences between slow 

 and rapid, 154, 155 ; no explana- 

 tion of the origin of colour, 155- 

 157 



Vertebrata, Protective Resemblance 

 in, 60-69 ; as models for Mimi- 

 cry, 257-265 



VesjM vulgaris, as model for Ag- 

 gressive Mimicry, 267. See also 

 Wasps 



Viper, 60 ; Protective Resemblance 

 of, 163 



Vitality believed to account for 

 colour, 322-325 ; criticisms upon, 

 325-330 



Volucella, Aggressive Mimicry in, 

 267 



— BombylanSy Aggressive Mimi- 

 cry of, 267 



Volucella inanis, Aggressive 

 Mimicry of, 267 



» ITT ALKING- STICK' insects, 58 

 VV Warm-blooded animals, 

 18, 100 



Warning Colours, 21, 159-215, 

 336-338 ; distinguished from 

 Protective and Aggressive Re- 

 semblances, 159, 160 ; value of, 

 160, 161 ; in Mammalia, 161, 

 162 ; in reptiles, 163, 164 ; in 

 Amphibia, 164, 165 ; in marine 

 animals, 165, 166 ; in cater- 

 pillars, 166-174 ; in the other 

 stages of Lepidoptera, 174-177 ; 

 in Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, 

 177, 178 ; only safely adopted 

 when food is abundant, 178-181, 

 182-184 ; probably without effect 

 on parasites, 181, 182; resem- 

 blance between colours and 



ZTO 



patterns, 184-186, 191-196 ; 

 causes determining such resem- 

 blance, 186-188 ; relation to 

 sexual colouring, 189-191 ; con- 

 centrated in special parts, 196- 

 201; adventitious, 202-204; direct 

 attention to non-vital parts, 204- 

 210 ; for Recognition, 210-215 ; 

 relation to Mimicry, 220-223 



Wasp stores Heliconidce in its 

 nest, 229 



Wasps, Warning Colours of, 178, 

 186 ; as models for Mimicry, 

 245, 247, 249, 250, 266, 267 



Weever-fish, Warning Colours of, 

 165, 166 notes 



White ants, as models for Aggres- 

 sive Mimicry, 266 



— appearance due to light being 

 scattered, 3-6 



— Ermine Moth, as probable model 

 for Mimicry, 240 



Wood-pigeon, egg of, 61, 62, 68 

 Wrasse, skill in finding shrimps, 

 204 



VENOPHORA, inclusion of 

 ■^^ fragments of rock, &c., in 

 the shells oi, 77, 78^ 



YELLOWHAMMER, egg of, 65 



I. Yellow Underwing, 56 

 Yellow Underwing Moths, wings of, 

 seized by enemies, 206 



ZEBRA, colours of, 25 ; pattern be- 

 lieved to be due to skeleton, 323 



Zeuzera cesculi, nauseous in the 

 imago stage only, 175 



Zygohallus Bettini,haXWes between 

 males of, 310 



ZygcBna, Warning Colours of ima- 

 gines of, 175 



Zygcenidce, similarity of Warning 

 Colours of, 196 



