CHAP. V.] CLASSIFICATION. 85 
names are given wherever they exist, in order that readers pos- 
sessing no technical knowledge, may form some conception of 
the meaning of the term “ family ” in zoology. 
The primary divisions of the animal kingdom according to 
two eminent modern authorities are as follows : 
HUXLEY. CaARUS AND GERSTAEKER. 
Classification of Animals (1869). Handbuch der Zoologie (1868). 
1. Protozoa 
2. Infusoria 
3. Coelenterata 
1. Protozoa. 
2. Coelenterata. 
4, Annuloida 3. Echinodermata. 
4, Vermes. 
pa-Amnuloss | 5. Arthropoda. 
6. Molluscoida 6. Molluscoida. 
7. Mollusca 7. Mollusca. 
8. Vertebrata &. Vertebrata. 
For reasons already stated it is only with the fifth, seventh, 
and eighth of these groups that the present work proposes to 
deal; and even with the fifth and seventh only partially and in 
the most general way. 
The classes of the vertebrata, according to both the authors 
above quoted, are: 1. Mammalia. 2. Aves. 3. Reptilia. 4. 
Amphibia. 5. Pisces, in which order they will be taken here. 
The sub-classes and orders of mammalia are as follows: 
MAMMATIA. 
HUXLEY (1869), FLowErR (1870). . Carus (1868). 
1) Paindies 1. Primates, 
; Bee ras a 5. Prosimii. 
2. Chiroptera ... 2, Chiroptera. 
3. Insectivora .. 3. Insectivora. 
. § 6. Carnivora. 
4, Carnivora ... 1 7, Pinnipedia. 
Monodelphia... (> Cetacea 12. Natantia. 
6. Sirenia i eee 
10. Artiodactyla. 
fc Papas ) 11. Perissodactyla. 
8. Proboscidea ... 9. Proboscidea. 
9. Hyracoidea ... 8. Lamnungia. 
10. Rodentia 4. Rodentia. 
1). Edentata 13. Bruta. 
Didelphia ...... 12. Marsupialia ... 14, Marsupialia. 
Ornithodelphia 13, Monotremata 15. Monotremata. 
