144 DISTRIBUTION OF EXTINCT ANIMALS. [PART Il. 
immense lapse of time, probably some thousands of years. 
More than 100 species of Mammalia, in all, were obtained 
in these caves. Some were living species or closely allied 
to such; but the majority were extinct, and a considerable 
number, about one-fourth, belonged to extinct genera, or 
genera not now inhabiting South America. Stone implements 
and human remains were found in several of the caves with 
extinct animals. The following enumeration of these remains 
is from the corrected list of M. Gervais. 
Primates.—Extinct species of Cebus, Callithrix, and Jacchus— 
South American genera of monkeys; with an extinct genus, 
Protopithecus—an animal of large size but belonging to the 
American family Cebide. 
Chiroptera.—-Species belonging to the South American Phyllos- 
tomide, and to two South American genera of other families. 
Carnivora.—Five species’ of Felis, some allied to living ani- 
mals, others extinct ; a species of the widespread extinct genus 
Machairodus ; and a small species referred to Cynelurus, the 
genus containing the hunting leopard now found only in Africa 
and India. Canidz are represented by Canis and JIcticyon (a 
living Brazilian species of the latter genus), and the extinct 
genus Speothos. Mustelide are represented by extinct species 
of the South American genera Mephitis and (alictis. Procy- 
onide, by a species of Nasua. Urside, by Arctotherium, a 
genus closely resembling, if not identical with, that containing 
the “spectacled bear” of Chili. 
Ungulata.—Equus, Tapirus, Dicotyles, Auchenia, Cervus, Lep- 
totheriwm, and Antilope, are the cave-genera of this order. 
Equus and Antelope are particularly interesting, as representing 
groups forming no part of existing South American zoology ; 
while the presence also of Zeptotheriwm, an extinct genus of 
antelopes, shows that the group was fairly represented in South 
America at this comparatively recent period. 
Proboscidea—A species of Mastodon, found also in the Pliocene 
of La Plata, represents this order. 
Rodentia.—These abound. Dasyprocta, Celogenys, Cavia, 
Kerodon, all living genera of Caviide, are represented by 
