CHAP. VII. ] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORLD. 147 
Pampas; by Auchenia, or llama, of which three extinct species 
inhabited Bolivia, in which country two allied but extinct 
genera, Palwolama and Camelotherium, have also been found. 
Three species of deer (Cervus), from the Pampas deposits, com- 
plete the list of Pliocene Ungulates. 
Proboscidea.—The cave species of Mastodon is found also in 
the Pampas deposits, and another in the Andes of Chili and 
Bolivia. 
Rodents—These are not so numerous as in the caves. There 
are species of the existing genera, Kerodon and Cavia (Caviide) ; 
Lagostomus (Chinchillide); Ctenomys (Octodontide); Lepus 
(hare); Hesperomys and Oxymycterus (Muride) ; Arvicola, a 
genus not living in South America; and an extinct genus, Car- 
diodus. There is also a remarkable extinct form, Z'ypotherium, 
larger than the capybara, and having affinities to Edentates and 
Ungulates. Three species have been found in the Pampas deposits. 
Hdentata.—These are as abundant and remarkable as in the 
cave deposits. Scelidotherium, Megatherium, Megalonyx, Glosso- 
therium and Dasypus, have already been noticed as from the 
Brazilian caves. We have here, in addition, the huge Mylodon 
allied to the Megatherium, and the allied genera—Gnathopsis 
and Lestodon. We then come to the huge extinct armadillos, 
Glyptodon and Schistopleurum, the former consisting of numerous 
species, some of which were as large as an elephant. Another 
genus, Hutatus, is allied to the living three-banded armadillos ; 
and a species of the existing genus Huphractus has been found 
in Bolivia. 
Toxodontide.—There remain a number of huge animals 
rivalling the Megatherium in size, and forming the genera 
Toxodon and Nesodon, but whose position is doubtful. Several 
species have been found in the deposits of the Pampas and 
Patagonia. They are allied at once to Ungulates, Rodents, Eden- 
tates, and the aquatic Sirenia, in so puzzling a manner that it is 
impossible to determine to what order they belong, or whether 
they require a new order to be formed for their reception. Some 
are believed to date back to the Miocene period, and they 
indicate what strange forms may still be discovered, should any 
