OHAP. X.] THE PALZARCTIC. REGION. 205 
the scinks is represented by Scincus found in North Africa and 
Arabia. Besides these Seps, a genus of sand lizards (Sepidz) and 
Agama, a genus of Agamide, are abundant and characteristic. 
Of Amphibia we have Sezranota, a genus of salamanders 
found only in Italy and Dalmatia; Chioglossa, in Portugal, and 
Geotriton, in Italy, belonging to the same family, are equally 
peculiar to the. sub-region. 
Freshwater Fish—One of the most interesting is Tellia, a 
genus of Cyprinodontide found only in alpine pools in the 
Atlas mountains. Paraphoxinius, found in South-East Europe, 
and Chondrostoma, in Europe and Western Asia, genera of Cypri- 
mide, seem almost peculiar to this sub-region. 
Insects—Lepidoptera—Two genera of butterflies, Thais and 
Doritis, are wholly confined to this sub-region, the former 
ranging over all Southern Europe, the latter confined to Eastern 
Europe and Asia Minor. Anthocharis and Zegris are very cha- 
racteristic of it, the latter only extending into South Russia, 
while Danais, Charaxes, and Libythea are tropical genera un- 
known in other parts of Europe. 
Coleoptera.—This sub-region is very rich in many groups of 
Coleoptera, of which a few only can be noticed here. Among 
Carabide it possesses Procerus and Procrustes, almost exclusively, 
while Brachinus, Cymindis, Lebia, Graphipterus, Scarites, Chle- 
nius, Calathus, and many others, are abundant and characteristic. 
Among Lamellicorns—Copride, Glaphyridz, Melolonthide, and 
Cetoniide abound. Buprestide are plentiful, the genera Julodis, 
Acmeodera, Buprestis, and Sphenoptera being characteristic. 
Among Malacoderms—Cebrionide, Lampyride, and Malachiide 
abound. The Tenebrioid Heteromera are very varied and abun- 
dant, and give a character to the sub-region. The Mylabride, ~ 
Cantharide, and Cdemeride are also characteristic. Of the 
immense number of Curculionide—Thylacites, Brachycerus, 
Lixus, and Acalles may be mentioned as among the most pro- 
minent. Of Longicorns there are few genera especially cha- 
racteristic, but perhaps Prinobius, Purpuricenus, Hesperophanes, 
and Parmena are most so. Of the remaining families, we may 
mention Clythride, Hispide, and Cassidide as being abundant. 
