CHAP, XI. ] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 263 
confined to the Oriental region ; and’ in the squirrel family is a 
curious genus, Anomalurus, which resembles the flying squirrels 
of other parts of the world, without being directly allied to them. 
Birds.—In this class we find a larger proportionate number 
of peculiar forms. Hypergerus and Alethe, belonging to the 
Timaliide, or babblers, are perhaps allied to Malayan groups; 
Parinia, a peculiar form of tit, is found only in Prince’s Island ; 
Ixonotus is an abundant and characteristic form of Pycnonotide; 
Fraseria, Hypodes, Cuphopterus, and Chaunonvtus, are peculiar 
genera of shrikes ; Picathartes is one of the many strange forms 
of the crow family ; Cinnyricinclus is a peculiar genus of sun- 
birds ; Pholidornis is supposed to belong to the Oriental Diceide, 
or flower-peckers; Waldenia is a recently-described new form 
of swallow; Ligurnus, a finch, Spermospiga, a weaver bird, and 
Onychognathus a starling, are also peculiar West African genera. 
Coming to the Picariz we have Verreauaia, a peculiar wood- 
pecker; three peculiar genera of barbets (Megaleemide) ; 
the typical plantain-eaters (Musophaga); Myzoceyx, a peculiar 
genus of kingfishers; while Berenicornis is a genus of crested 
hornbills, only found elsewhere in Malaya. The grey parrots, 
of the genus Psittacus, are confined to this sub-region, as are 
two peculiar genera of partridges, and three of guinea- 
fowl. We have also here a species of Pitta, one of the Ori- 
ental family of ground-thrushes; and the Oriental paroquets, 
Paleornis, are found here as well as in Abyssinia and the 
Mascarene Islands. 
We thus find, both in the Mammalia and birds of West Africa, 
a special Oriental or even Malayan element not present in the 
other parts of tropical Africa, although appearing again in 
Madagascar. In the Mammalia it is represented by the anthro- 
poid apes; by Colobus allied to Semnopithecus, and by Cercocebus 
allied to Macacus ; and especially by a form of the Malayan 
family of chevrotains (Tragulide). The Malayan genus of otters, 
Aonyx, is also said to occur in West and South Africa. In 
birds we have special Oriental and Malayan affinities in Alethe, 
Pholidornis, Berenicornis, Pitta, and Palwornis; while the 
Oriental genus Zreron has a wide range in Africa. We shall 
