CHAP. XII. ] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 345 
The Zoological Relations of the Several Islands of the Indo-Malay 
Sub-region. 
Although we have grouped the Philippine islands with the 
Indo-Malay sub-region, to which, as we shall see, they un- 
doubtedly belong, yet most of the zoological characteristics we 
have just sketched out, apply more especially to the other groups 
of islands and the Malay peninsula. The Philippine islands 
stand, to Malaya proper, in the same relation that Madagascar 
does to Africa or the Antilles to South America; that is, they 
are remarkable for the absence of whole families and genera 
which everywhere characterise the remainder of the district. 
They are, in fact, truly insular, while the other islands are really 
continental in all the essential features of their natural history. 
Before, therefore, we can conveniently compare the separate 
islands of Malaya’ with each other, we must first deal with the 
Philippine group, showing in what its speciality consists, and 
why it must be considered apart from the sub-region to which 
it belongs. 
Mammals of the Philippine Islands—The only mammalia re- 
corded as inhabiting the Philippine Islands are the following :-— 
QuapDRuMANA. 1. Macacus cynomolgus. 
2. Cynopithecus niger. Dr. Semper doubts this being 
a Philippine species, 
LemMurRoIDEA. 3. Tarsius spectrum. 
Insectivora. 4. Galeopithecus philippinensis. 
5, Tupaia (species). On Dr, Semper’s authority. 
CARNIVORA. 6. Viverra tangalunga. 
7. Paradoxurus philippensis. 
UNGULATA, 8. Sus (species). On Dr. Semper’s authority. 
9, Cervus mariannus. 
10. Cervus philippensis. 
11. Cervus alfredi. 
12. Bos (species). Wild cattle ; perhaps intro- 
duced. 
RopeEntTIA, 13. Phleomys cummingii. 
14. Scuirus philippinensis. 
Also 24 species, belonging to 17 genera, of bats. 
1 As so many typical Malay groups are absent only from the Philippines, I 
have adopted the term “Malaya,” to show the distribution of these, using 
the term “ Indo-Malaya” when the range of the group includes the 
Philippines. This must be remembered when consulting the tables of dis- 
tribution at the end of this chapter. 
Vou. 1—24 
